Answer:
counter-clockwise about the fixed horizontal axis intercept.
Explanation:
An indifference curve is a graph that shows the two combinations of goods for which an individual is indifferent in its consumption.
Points on an indifference curve represents various combination of goods to which an individual is indifferent to
higher indifference curve represents higher level of utility
An indifference map is a graph of various indifference curves
On the indifference map, indifference curves that are higher would be more preferred to those that are lower
Prepare summary journal entries to record the following transactions for a company in its first month of operations. a. Raw materials purchased on account, $100,000. b. Direct materials used in production, $42,000. Indirect materials used in production, $15,000. c. Paid cash for factory payroll, $50,000. Of this total, $36,000 is for direct labor and $14,000 is for indirect labor. d. Paid cash for other actual overhead costs, $8,250. e. Applied overhead at the rate of 120% of direct labor cost. f. Transferred cost of jobs completed to finished goods, $68,175. g1. Jobs that had a cost of $68,175 were sold. g2. Sold jobs on account for $97,000.
Answer: See explanation
Explanation:
The journal entry will be analysed below:
a. Dr Raw materials inventory $100,000
Cr Accounts payable $100,000
b. Dr Work in process inventory $42000
Cr Raw materials inventory $42000
Dr Factory overhead $15000
Cr Raw materials inventory $15000.
c. Dr Work in process inventory $36000
Dr Factory overhead $14000
Cr Cash $50,000
d. Dr Factory overhead $8250
Cr Cash $8250
e. Dr Work in process inventory = $36000 × 120% = $43200
Cr Factory overhead $43200
f. Dr Finished goods inventory $68175
Cr Work in process inventory $68175
g. Dr Cost of goods sold $68175
Cr Finished goods inventory $68175
Dr Accounts receivable $97000
Cr Sales $97000
At December 31, 2021 and 2022, Frist Company had outstanding 50 million common shares and 4 million shares of 10%, $10 par cumulative preferred stock. Net income for 2022 was $20 million. No dividends were declared in 2022. EPS for 2022 was: rev: 03_01_2021_QC_CS-255248 Multiple Choice $0.32. $0.37. $0.40. $0.48.
The dividend is a payout of profits from a firm to its investors. As long as a corporation makes a profit or surplus, it can distribute a part of that profit to shareholders. Any money left over is re-invested money into the organization. So, the answer is "[tex]\bold{\$0.32}[/tex]" and its calculation can be defined as follows:
Given:
The Net income for [tex]\bold{2022= \$20\ million}[/tex]
Common shares = [tex]4 \ million[/tex]
share= [tex]10\%[/tex]
Cumulative preferred stock= [tex]\$10[/tex]
[tex]\to \bold{\frac{[\$20 - (10\% \times \$10\ par \times 4)]}{50}}\\\\\to \bold{\frac{[\$20 - (0.10 \times \$40\ par)]}{50}}\\\\\to \bold{\frac{[\$20 - \$4\ par]}{50}}\\\\\to \bold{\frac{[\$16]}{50}}\\\\\to \$ 0.32[/tex]
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What people used before paper money was created
Answer:
Before money was invented, goods and services were exchanged through bartering or using commodities like salt, cattle, or grains.
Explanation:
People used metal objects as money to exchange goods and services as early as 5000 B.C. Paper money in the United States dates back to 1690 and represented bills of credit or IOUs.
Find out stock value of the company with following dividend plans: $ 3, $ 4, $ 5, $6 , $7 for the first five years, then a final liquidating dividend of $60 at year 6. Assume discount rate for this stock is 15%. Find out the current stock value .
The current stock price will be $41.77
The current stock value will be the present value of all the dividends over the five years in question and then the present value of the liquidating dividend in the 6th year.
Present value = Dividend / ( 1 + rate) ^ year it was paid
Present value of all the dividends = ( 3 / (1 + 15%)) + (4 / (1 + 15%)²) + (5 / (1 + 15%)³) + (6 / ( 1 + 15%)⁴) + (7 / ( 1 + 15%)⁵) + ( 60 / ( 1 + 15%)⁶)
= $41.77
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A government will likely ____________________________ to encourage investment in technology R&D by private firms? reduce R&D grants to nonprofit organizations reduce R&D grants to universities spend more on R&D in government laboratories implement fiscal policy establishing tax incentives NEXT
Answer:
implement fiscal policy establishing tax incentives
Explanation:
Discretionary fiscal policies are deliberate steps taken by the government to stimulate the economy in order to cause the economy to move to full employment and price stability more quickly than it might otherwise.
Discretionary fiscal policies can either be expansionary or contractionary
Tax incentives are taxes designed to encourage certain economic activities
Tax incentives include :
1. tax holidays - the company is exempted from paying tax for a specified period
2. tax reduction - the amount of tax that would be paid is reduced for a specified period.
Tax incentives would reduce the cost of undertaking a particular activity and this can encourage private firms to become involved in that activity
Galina, Inc. has prepared the following direct materials purchases budget: Month Budgeted DM Purchases June $68,000 July 79,500 August 78,400 September 76,300 October 72,400 All purchases are paid for as follows: 40% in the month of purchase, 50% in the following month, and 10% two months after purchase. Calculate the budgeted balance of accounts payable at the end of October. Group of answer choices $51,070 $7,630 $43,440 $14,870
Answer: $51070
Explanation:
The budgeted balance of accounts payable at the end of October will be calculated thus:
For October DM purchases = 60% × $72400 = $43440
For September DM purchases = 10% × $76,300 = $7630
Balance = $51070
Therefore, the budgeted balance of accounts payable at the end of October is $51070
The top part of Mars, Inc.'s 2018 balance sheet is listed as follows (in millions of dollars). Current assets: Current liabilities: Cash and marketable securities $ 10 Accrued wages and taxes $ 20 Accounts receivable 40 Accounts payable 30 Inventory 160 Notes payable 40 Total $ 210 Total $ 90 What are Mars, Inc.'s current ratio, quick ratio, and cash ratio for 2018?
Answer and Explanation:
The calculation is given below:
Current ratio is
= Current assets ÷ current liabilities
= 210 ÷ 90
= 2.33 times
quick ratio is
= Quick assets ÷ current liabilities
= + ($210 - $160) ÷ 90
= 0.56
And, the Cash ratio is
= cash ÷ Current liabilities
= 0.11
In this way it should be determined
ASAP PLEASEEE!!! If the price level were to rise from 160 to 200, in what direction and by how much would the value of a dollar change?
Answer:
- Downward direction
- The change in dollar value is 0.00125
Explanation:
Given
[tex]P_1 = 160[/tex]
[tex]P_2 = 200[/tex]
Required
Direction and value of dollar change
Value is calculated using
[tex]V = \frac{1}{P}[/tex]
When [tex]P_1 = 160[/tex], the value is:
[tex]V_1 = \frac{1}{160}[/tex]
[tex]V_1 = 0.00625[/tex]
When [tex]P_2 = 200[/tex], the value is:
[tex]V_2 = \frac{1}{200}[/tex]
[tex]V_2 = 0.005[/tex]
So, we have:
[tex]V_1 = 0.00625[/tex]
[tex]V_2 = 0.005[/tex]
Notice that [tex]V_1 > V_2[/tex]
i.e. the initial value is greater than the new value
Hence, the value of dollar moves down
The change in value is:
[tex]\triangle V = |V_2 - V_1|[/tex]
[tex]\triangle V = |0.005 - 0.00625|[/tex]
[tex]\triangle V = |- 0.00125|[/tex]
Remove absolute sign
[tex]\triangle V = 0.00125[/tex]
The change in dollar value is 0.00125
The optimal portfolio for an individual investor is represented by the point that lies on the Question 7 options: lowest possible utility curve and connects to the efficient frontier. utility curve which is just tangent to the right side of the feasible set of risk-return options. utility curve which is just tangent to the efficient frontier. utility curve which represents the highest possible rate of return within the feasible set of risk-return options.
Answer:
Utility curve which is just tangent to the efficient frontier.
Explanation:
The optimal portfolio of the investor is the maximum gain for the maximum risk. If risk factor is increased beyond optimal level it does not necessarily means that returns will also increase. Efficient frontier is curved because there is diminishing marginal utility to risk. For every additional unit of risk added into the portfolio gains a smaller amount of return.
In the context of managing international transfers and assignments, repatriation occurs when a manager is: a. brought back home from a foreign assignment. b. expelled from the foreign country where he or she is sent on an assignment. c. deported from his home country to a foreign country. d. sent by his or her company on a second foreign assignment.
Answer:
a. brought back home from a foreign assignment.
Explanation:
Repatriation is the action of a company that involves reassignment of an expatriate manager from a foreign country to his home country.
This is a work related transfer and does no have to do with expulsion or deportation from the foreign country.
Usually this is done when an overseas assignment has come to an end.
There is a need to properly asses their role in the foreign country and give them an equally challenging role in the home country.
This will ensure ongoing job satisfaction.
Explain the different management tasks.
Answer:
planing
organizin
controlling
leading
A balanced scorecard ______. Multiple choice question. should only focus on the financial measures needed to achieve success presents a theory of how a company can take action to attain its desired outcomes will not identify an ineffective strategy based on faulty assumptions
Answer:
presents a theory of how a company can take action to attain its desired outcomes.
Explanation:
A balance scorecard can be defined as a performance metrics used for measuring and assessing the quality of performance of a company.
Basically, the four (4) performance metrics of a balance scorecard includes the following; customer, learning and growth, internal business processes, and financial.
Hence, a balance scorecard should be used to determine whether or not the operations of a business is in synchronization with its vision statement and values.
This ultimately implies that, a balanced scorecard presents a theory of how a company can take action so as to enable it attain its desired outcomes and achieving its set goals and objectives.
A balanced scorecard presents a theory of how a company can take action to attain it's desired outcomes. The correct option is b.
The balanced scorecard (BSC) is an indicator of strategic management performance used to identify and enhance various internal business functions as well as the external outcomes that result from them. Balanced scorecards are widely used to measure and provide feedback to organisations within the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Europe. Executives and managers gather and interpret data, which is critical to providing quantitative results.
This information can be used by company personnel to make better decisions for the future of their organisations.
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Purge Purifying Systems, which manufactures filtration systems for industries, has entered into a U. S. $50 million deal with Fabon Fabrics Incorporated During a negotiating session, Alex, a member of the sales team reacted, "Who are you trying to kid? You need our company's filtration systems to maintain your product quality. You have to pay an extra $20 per system and just cut costs somewhere else." Monroe, the team leader of the sales team interrupted him and said, "Now wait a minute. These are our friends you are talking to. How about we only charge $10 extra per system and split the shipping charges equally? Does that not sound fair?" Identify the win-lose strategy adopted by the sales team of Purge Purifying Systems.
Answer: good guy-bad guy routine
Explanation:
The win-lose strategy that is adopted by the sales team of Purge Purifying Systems is the Good Guy/Bad Guy technique.
The Good Guy-Bad Guy routine refers to a strategy whereby while one person pretends to be on the side of the customer and helps make a deal, the other one doesn't and makes negotiation difficult. The idea behind this is for the prospect or the customer to accept the deal of the good guy. This is the strategy used by Alex and Monroe.
Keepsake Collectibles focuses its marketing efforts on high-income buyers of unique collectible items. The firm realizes that the number of buyers in this segment of the collectible market is small. However, they are confident that this approach will be profitable since these buyers will pay premium prices for their unique products and superior customer service. Keepsake's approach is an example of:
Answer:
niche marketing.
Explanation:
From the question we are informed about Keepsake Collectibles which focuses its marketing efforts on high-income buyers of unique collectible items. The firm realizes that the number of buyers in this segment of the collectible market is small. However, they are confident that this approach will be profitable since these buyers will pay premium prices for their unique products and superior customer service. Keepsake's approach is an example of niche marketing.
The niche market can be regarded as subset of market whereby specific product is the target or been focused.
The market niche gives the description about product features and focus on satisfying particular market needs, it also focus on satisfying price range as well as production quality and also the demographics required for target. It can be regarded as small market segment
A homeowner was injured when an automatic cutoff switch failed to function on a snowblower he was using. The cutoff switch had functioned well for a year after he purchased the snowblower but failed after the machine had been improperly repaired by a mechanic. The snowblower's operating manual contained a clear and prominent warning against making the very alteration to the switch mechanism that was made by the mechanic. The mechanic, however, did not have a manual available when he repaired the snowblower. Does the homeowner have a viable claim against the manufacturer of the snowblower for damages
Answer:
No, because the injury resulted from a substantial alteration of the snowblower by a third party.
Explanation:
The snowblower user had repaired the machine by a local mechanic. It was written on the operating manual that mechanics of the machine is not easy and if there is any alteration made to to switch the machine may function abnormally. The alteration was made to the snowblower despite of clear warning by the manufacturer. Therefore homeowner cannot have a valid claim against the manufacturer of snowblower for damages.
What is the answer?? I need help
Economic classes
Explanation:
they are all fit within the category about what the main question is
72. Sociology is a. the systematic study of group and team processes. b. the systematic study of the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. c. the systematic study of the processes by which groups of people make decisions. d. the systematic study of the processes in the organization and workplace that improve the performance and well being of people.
Answer:
a. the systematic study of group and team processes.
Explanation:
Sociology is "the systematic study of group and team processes."
This is based on the idea that sociology is a systematic discipline or study of society and how it relates within itself.
Society is a combination of groups of people within a given geographical, or professional area, all of which functioning at various levels to make better living conditions or outcomes.
Hence, it is the study that involves a group and how they co-exist.
four factors that affect the productivity of an office worker
Answer:
not enough sleep
no breakfast
noise
distractions
What is TRUE about debt-for-nature swaps?Question 50 options: The wealthy nation's debt is forgiven when it donates money to conservation efforts. In exchange for land rights in protected areas, wealthy nations forgive part of a developing nation's debt. Wealthy nations forgive a part of a developing nation's debt if that nation promises to pay a percentage of any ecotourism profit to the wealthy nations. Part of a developing nation's debt is forgiven by wealthy nations if they promise to protect natural areas in their country. Part of a developing nation's debt is forgiven by wealthy nations if they promise to give the wealthy nations exclusive rights to vacation in protected areas.
Answer:
Part of a developing nation's debt is forgiven by wealthy nations if they promise to protect natural areas in their country.
Explanation:
Biodiversity
This is simply defined as arrays or wide ranges of plant and animal life in a particular habitat/world. It is also known as the types of organisms in a given area, the genetic differences within a population, the types of species in a community, or the different types of communities in an ecosystem.
Endangered Species
This is simply known as species whose are limited in numbers. That is the species is at risk of extinction.
Debt for nature swap
This was a form of deal made by agencies such as the World Bank with third world countries. The deals focus was that they will cancel their debt if the country will set aside a certain amount of their natural resources.
It is also known as the forgiveness or clearing of international debt in exchange for nature protection in developing countries.
Advantage and disadvantage of debt-for-nature swaps
Advantage
(1) There is an expansion of purchasing power cash donations by converting.
(2) It create an avenue for channeling spending toward goals of local environmentalist group.
3. Reduce outstanding debt etc.
Disadvantage
(1) It legitimizes debt, admitting must be repaid or repurchased.
(2) The Willingness of the debtor government to undergo the swap is small to its interest in spending local currency generated on specific environmental projects, less accuracy that funding will forthcoming than debt-for-equity swaps.
Macmillan Toys Inc. is looking to expand internationally and wishes to develop a new product line that is highly localized while keeping their cost structure below that of their rivals. Macmillan Toys Inc. has been successful with implementing a blue ocean strategy in their main strategic business units and as such wishes to pursue a ________ strategy for their international operations.
Answer:
Multi domestic strategy
Explanation:
From the question we were informed that Macmillan Toys Inc. which is looking to expand internationally and wishes to develop a new product line that is highly localized while keeping their cost structure below that of their rivals. Macmillan Toys Inc. has been successful with implementing a blue ocean strategy in their main strategic business units and as such wishes to pursue a Multi domestic strategy
strategy for their international operations. Multi-domestic strategy can be regarded as strategy utilized by companies whereby a firm ensure that there is maximum local responsiveness through the customization of their product offering as well as marketing strategy so that it can along with the match different national conditions.
When environmentalists recognized that politicians were not going to pass stricter legislation and regulations, they changed their tactics to force change. According to the Layzer article in the chapter, these new tactics included: I. Eco-terrorism - bombing pipelines and factories. II. Collaboration with businesses - create partnerships to improve environmental impacts. III. Public relations campaigns - go public with their accusations and encourage consumers to demand change. IV. Work internally through shareholders to try to change corporate disclosures
Answer:
II. Collaboration with businesses - create partnerships to improve environmental impacts.
III. Public relations campaigns - go public with their accusations and encourage consumers to demand change.
IV. Work internally through shareholders to try to change corporate disclosures
Explanation:
Since the environmentalists recognized that politicians were not going to pass stricter legislation and regulations, the tactics employed in order to force change include:
Ii. Collaboration with businesses - create partnerships to improve environmental impacts.
III. Public relations campaigns - go public with their accusations and encourage consumers to demand change.
IV. Work internally through shareholders to try to change corporate disclosures.
Therefore, the correct options are II, III and IV.
How do you make decision for the yourself?what are the things that you consider before making a decision
Answer: I consider what's best for me first and what would he beneficiary to others
Explanation:
Making decisions for oneself should be directed most times to growth. Questions like; "how would this affect me or how will this benefit those around me".
When we consider what benefits us and others around us we tend to make the best decision which helps out growth and bring out the best in others.
Johnson is an executive vice president at Conecom Hardware. He researches a proposal by a larger company, Openlane Hardware, to combine the two companies. By analyzing past performance, conducting focus groups, and interviewing Openlane employees, Johnson concludes that Openlane has poor profit margins, sells shoddy merchandise, and treats customers poorly. What actions should Johnson and Conecom Hardware take
Answer: Turn down the acquisition offer and prepare to resist a hostile takeover.
Explanation:
Since Johnson analysed the past performance of Openlane hardware and found out that past performance, conducting focus groups, and interviewing Openlane employees, Johnson concludes that the company has poor profit margins, sells shoddy merchandise, and treats customers poorly, then Johnson and Conecom Hardware should turn down the acquisition offer and prepare to resist a hostile takeover.
In this case, the merge between the companies will have a negative impact on Johnson and Conecom hardware due to the fact that the company has a bad reputation already and this can have an effect on Conecom. Therefore, the acquisition offer should be turned down.
A housecleaning agency was given a key to a customer's house so that the agency could have its employees clean while the homeowner was away. After a maid sent by the agency had finished and left the homeowner's house, she went back because she had forgotten her cigarettes. She neglected to lock the door when she left the second time because she was already late for the next job. When the homeowner returned after a few days away, she discovered that her house had been ransacked and several items of jewelry stolen. The front door was open, and there were no signs of forced entry. If the homeowner brings an action against the agency that employed the maid, what is the likely result
Answer:
C. She will prevail, because the maid's failure to lock the door created the risk that someone might enter and take the homeowner's valuables.
Explanation:
Based on the argument presented above, the homeowner will likely prevail against the agency because, the maid whibis an employee of the cleaning agency got the home exposed by failing to get the doors locked which might have allowed unwarranted entry into the building. The fact that there was no forced entry through any of the entry channels and the disappearance of valuables gives the homeowner a stronger case to make in this scenario in her case against the agency.
A bond par value is $1,000 and the coupon rate is 6.3 percent. The bond price was $946.86 at the beginning of the year and $984.56 at the end of the year. The inflation rate for the year was 2.1 percent. What was the bond's real return for the year
Answer:
8.36%
Explanation:
The computation of the real rate of return is given below:
Coupon amount = $1,000 × 6.3% = $63
Return on price is
= $984.56 - 946.86
= $37.7
Now
Nominal rate of return =( (63 + 37.7) ÷ 946.86 ) × 100
= 10.64%
And, finally
Real rate of return = (1+ nominal return) ÷ (1+inflation) - 1
= (1.1064 ÷ 1.021) - 1
= 8.36%
Which of the following steps in the management decision-making process does not generally involve the managerial accountant? Determine possible courses of action. Make the appropriate decision based on relevant data. Prepare internal reports that review the impact of decisions. None of these answers are correct.
Answer:
Make the appropriate decision based on relevant data.
Explanation:
Management involves the control, planning and organization of the affairs of a business firm.
Basically, the management of an organization is saddled with the responsibility of planning, organizing, controlling and staffing within the organization.
The four (4) main management activities are;
I. Organizing
II. Controlling
III. Motivating.
IV. Planning.
Managerial accounting also known as cost accounting is an accounting technique focused on identification, measurement, analyzing, interpretation, and communication of financial information to managers for better decisions making and pursuit of the organization's goals. Thus, it's an accounting system that is used by an organization to report both monetary and nonmonetary information.
In the management decision-making process, making the appropriate decision based on relevant data does not generally involve the managerial accountant.
A managerial accountant is an individual who is saddled with the responsibility of gathering and communication of financial information to managers for better decisions making.
Pfizer Corp. is introducing a really new product idea. Pfizer is spending a lot of money to inform potential customers and intermediaries about the availability and advantages of the new product. Although sales are rising slowly, Pfizer doesn't expect the product to become profitable for at least another year. Pfizer's new product is in which stage of the product life cycle
Answer:
Market introduction
Explanation:
One of the stages of a product life cycle is introduction. Infact, it is the very first stage of a product life cycle.
Market introduction from the name can be said to be the stage of a product that involves quite a lot of advertising. The advertising is aimed at informing the populace about the availability of the product and the usefulness of such product.
Simply put, product introduction is giving awareness about the availability of a new product and its benefits.
Cheers.
A normal cost system applies overhead to jobs ________. multiple choice by multiplying a predetermined overhead rate by the estimated amount of the allocation base incurred by the job by multiplying a predetermined overhead rate by the actual amount of the allocation base incurred by the job using the actual amount of overhead caused by each job using the normal amount of overhead caused by each job
Answer:
A normal cost system applies overhead to jobs ________.
by multiplying a predetermined overhead rate by the actual amount of the allocation base incurred by the job.
Explanation:
To compute the predetermined overhead rate, divide the estimated overhead for the period by the estimated allocation base usage. When applying overhead to the job, the predetermined overhead rate is used to multiply the actual amount of the allocation base consumed or incurred by the particular job. The value determined from the above computation is termed the overhead applied cost. It may be more or less than actual overhead incurred. This gives rise to overapplied or underapplied overhead.
Place the steps of the marketing research approach in the correct order. (Note: the first step should be the top item on your list and the last step should be at the bottom of your list) Instructions Choice 1 of 5. develop the research plan toggle button develop the research plan Choice 2 of 5. collect relevant information toggle button collect relevant information Choice 3 of 5. develop findings toggle button develop findings Choice 4 of 5. take marketing actions toggle button take marketing actions Choice 5 of 5. define the problem toggle button define the problem
Answer:
Choice 5 of 5. Define the problem
Choice 1 of 5. Develop a research plan
Choice 2 of 5. Collect relevant information
Choice 3 of 5. Develop findings
Choice 4 of 5. Take marketing actions
Explanation:
The steps of the marketing research approach includes
Step 1: Defining the problem
Step 2: Construction of the ideologies from which the problem is approached
Step 3: Formulation of research designs through which data and information are collected
Step 4: The collection and analysis
Step 5: Presentation of report and take marketing action
Therefore, the correct order from the given options are;
Choice 5 of 5. Define the problem
At this stage, the problem that is the basis for the research is clearly defined, including the background information, the purpose of the research, and the information that could be useful in decision making
Choice 1 of 5. Develop a research plan
The blueprint or outline of how the research is to be conducted
Choice 2 of 5. Collect relevant information
The fieldwork in collection of data from the listed sources in the research blueprint
Choice 3 of 5. Develop findings
The findings are analyzed to derive the actionable research results
Choice 4 of 5. Take marketing actions
The implementation of the made decision
Answer:
1. Defining objectives and needs
2. Designing the research
3. Collecting the data
4. Analyzing data and developing insights
5. Developing and implementing an action plan
Johnson- Schmitt gave several dogs to Dispenza to find good homes for them. Dispenza did not find good homes for them, but rather kept them on his property in such deplorable conditions that they were eventually seized by the sheriff, turned over to the local SPCA, and adopted out to other families. Johnson- Schmitt later sued the county claiming unlawful conversion of her property( the dogs). Did Johnson- Schmitt have any property right in the dogs at the time they were seized?
Answer:
John-Schmitt had property right in the dogs at the time they were seized.
She had the right to dispose of her private property (dogs) and also to delegate Dispenza to dispose of her property (dogs). She was still in this right of disposition to her property before they were seized. Therefore, she could sue the country (right to property right enforcement) for unlawful conversion of her dogs.
Explanation:
The right of disposition or transferability is one of the property rights, including the right of possession, the right of control, the right of exclusion, the right of enforcement, and the right to derive income from the property. The right of transferability means that property rights should be transferable from one owner to another in a voluntary exchange. She can enforce her property rights.
