Answer:
brain and spinal cord.
Explanation:
The two parts of the central nervous system are the brain and the spinal cord.
B cells respond to the initial antigen challenge by ________. forming of a large number of B cells and T cells that display surface antibodies different from the original B cell producing progeny cells that include plasma cells and memory cells with surface antibodies different from the original B cell forming of a large number of B cells and T cells that display surface antibodies identical to the original B cell producing pyrogens to initiate fever producing progeny cells that include plasma cells and memory cells with surface antibodies identical to the original B cell
Answer:
Producing progeny cells that include plasma cells and memory cells
Explanation:
B cells are essential cells in the constitution of the body's immunity. These cells are responsible for developing the so-called humoral immunity that is capable of neutralizing and destroying foreign substances that do not belong to the organism, that is, the B cells are capable of destroying antigens. To destroy the antigens, B cells start a production of descendant cells that are made up of plasma cells and memory cells.
Which was most likely an effect on society that resulted from improvement in handling blood during world war l and world war ll?
Answer:
Effective food supply was most likely an effect on society that resulted from improvements in blood handling during World War I and World War II.
Explanation:
How do temperature and concentration of monounsaturated phospholipids change the rate at which molecules permeate the plasma membrane?
Answer: At low temperatures the fluidity of the membrane decreases and it favors fluidity. The higher the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids, the less tightly the phospholipids can bind and the more fluid (more permeable).
Explanation:
The plasma membrane is a lipid layer that delimits the entire cell, dividing the extracellular medium from the intracellular (the cytoplasm of a cell). They are composed of phospholipids, which are molecules composed of glycerol, a phosphate group and two lipid chains (such as fatty acids). Glycerol is a three-carbon molecule that functions as the backbone of this membrane. A geometry is formed that allows the phospholipids to line up side by side to form broad sheets. They are insoluble in water, but their unique geometry causes them to aggregate in layers without any energy input, as they possess a hydrophilic phosphate head and a hydrophobic tail consisting of the two fatty acid chains. The hydrophilic heads of the phospholipids in a bilayer membrane face outward and are in contact with the aqueous fluid inside and outside the cell. Because water is a polar molecule, it readily forms electrostatic (charge-based) interactions with the phospholipid heads.
Selective permeability is a property of the plasma membrane and other semipermeable membranes that allow only certain particles to pass through them. In this way, those particles that are needed by the cell can enter the cell and those that are not useful to the cell are prevented from entering. In the same way, the cell can eliminate the particles it has produced as waste. In this way, the entry and exit of substances through the membrane is regulated and the correct functioning of the cell is achieved.
For a particle to be able to cross the plasma membrane it must have a size equal to or smaller than the pores of the membrane, it must have the opposite charge to the charge of the membrane or simply have a neutral charge, and if it is larger than the pores it must be dissolved in a solution, decreasing its size and thus be able to enter the cell through the membrane.
Plasma membranes are fluid and this fluidity depends on their lipid composition and temperature. Depending on the temperature, membrane lipids can be found in two different states or phases: gel (solid-like, with more rigid hydrocarbon chains) and liquid crystal (more fluid, with more mobile hydrocarbon chains). At low temperatures the fluidity of the membrane decreases and in these conditions the increase of its concentration favors fluidity. The temperature at which the transition from one state to the other occurs is the phase transition temperature (Tc). At values below Tc, the bilayer is in the gel state and at higher values it passes to the liquid crystal. It should be noted that there is an equilibrium between the gel state and the liquid crystal state and that the characteristics of the lipids of the bilayer condition the transition temperature. In the case of bilayers consisting of only one type of lipid, the Tc is well defined. But biological membranes are complex lipid mixtures and the transition from one state to another occurs over a range of temperatures. The presence of short-chain or unsaturated fatty acids reduces the transition temperature, while saturated fatty acids and the increase in the length of the hydrocarbon chains cause this temperature to rise. Then, phospholipids with unsaturated fatty acid tails cannot bind as tightly due to the bent structure of their tails. For this reason, a membrane of unsaturated phospholipids remains fluid at lower temperatures than a membrane of saturated phospholipids.
The fluidity of a membrane is the ability of a molecule to move through it. In short, the higher the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids, the less tightly the phospholipids can bind and the more fluid (more permeable) the membrane will be even at low temperatures. However, at low temperatures the fluidity of the membrane decreases (lower permeability) but the effect will depend on the composition of the fatty acids. To determine the exact permeability, it is necessary to relate the concentration of unsaturated bonds and the length of the fatty acids in the phospholipids and the temperature.
help can be needed please!
Answer:
can't see
Explanation:
i can't see the pic
HELP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Answer:
The answers are:
carrier proteins → charged amino acid
Carrier proteins are transmembrane proteins for the facilitated diffusion of charged amino acids across plasma membranes.
osmosis → water molecule
A type of passive transport, osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules in and out of cells.
active transport → calcium moves from low concentration to high concentration
This is the movement of substances across membranes against concentration gradient.
simple diffusion → oxygen
Oxygen molecules enter through membrane by simple diffusion from an area of high to low concentration.
exocytosis → proteins from the Golgi apparatus
This process of exocytosis is used by cells to release particles that has been packaged by the golgi bodies.
Explanation: Boom
Carrier Proteins is Charged Amino Acid, Osmosis implies to Water Molecule, Active Transport - Calcium moves from low concentration to high concentration, Simple Diffusion - Oxygen, and Exocytosis - Protein from the Golgi Apparatus.
In assisted diffusion, a type of transport in which charged amino acids or other molecules bind to particular carrier proteins in order to traverse the cell membrane, carrier proteins are involved.
The passage of charged amino acids through the membrane is aided by this mechanism.
Osmosis is the flow of water molecules over a membrane that is selectively permeable, caused by variations in solute concentrations.
The movement of substances against a gradient of concentration, usually from a region of lower concentration to one of greater concentration, is referred to as active transport.
In this instance, calcium ions are actively moved utilising ATP energy from low concentration to high concentration areas.
Simple diffusion is the gradient-driven passive migration of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
Due to their small size and nonpolarity, oxygen molecules can freely diffuse through the cell membrane through simple diffusion.
Exocytosis is the process through which cells discharge big molecules, such proteins, to the exterior of the cell from the Golgi apparatus.
The proteins are contained in vesicles that join the cell membrane and discharge their contents outside of the body.
Thus, charged amino acid transport is facilitated by carrier proteins, water molecules are moved by osmosis, calcium is moved against its concentration gradient by active transport, oxygen is moved along its concentration gradient by simple diffusion, and proteins are released from the Golgi apparatus through exocytosis.
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Explain how the changes in the villi of a person with coeliac disease may cause the person to lose weight and have low amounts of vitamins and minerals in their body
Answer:
The changes in the villi of a person with coeliac disease may cause the person to lose weight and have low amounts of vitamins and minerals in their body because Villi absorb vitamins, minerals and other nutrients from the food you eat.The endosymbiotic theory provides an explanation for the origin of chloroplasts. Which trait of chloroplasts supports this explanation? A. Chloroplasts do not reproduce. B. Chloroplasts rely on proteins that are made by the cell. C. Chloroplasts are larger than prokaryotic cells. D. Chloroplasts have their own DNA.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
i think its D because chloroplasts can reproduce so option A is not valid they are the same size as prokaryotic cells and they donot rely on proteins that are made by the cell..but most of all they have there own DNA.
I hope this helps!!
Cytomegalovirus Multiple Choice is among the most common of human infections. is commonly carried in the latent state. can be sexually transmitted. is transmitted by saliva, respiratory mucus, milk, urine, semen, and cervical secretions. All of these choices are correct.
Answer: All of these choices are correct.
Explanation:
The Cytomegalovirus is one of the most common viruses there is that affects humans. Humans of all ages can carry it but because the immune system is capable of fighting it, it is usually in its latent form which is the way that it is usually spread.
When the immune system has been weakened, the virus can cause conditions such as liver problems. It is spread through bodily fluids such as saliva, respiratory mucus, milk, urine, semen, and cervical secretions.
urgent help please just guess Mosquitoes are small flying insects which are very harmful.
It is only female mosquitoes that bite people. Male mosquitoes do not consume blood.
Blood serves as a source of protein for their eggs.
can anyone suggest a title please and do not suggest introduction please
Answer:
The difference between Male and Femal mosquitoes
Explanation:
Answer:
characteristics of make and female mosquitoes
Why does having a genetically diverse population make a species more likely
to survive a change to the environment?
A. They are more likely to have harmful mutations.
B. They are more likely to become an invasive species.
C. They are more likely to reach carrying capacity.
D. They are more likely to have some individuals adapted for survival.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
When a population is genetically diverse there is a higher probability for some individuals in that population to survive during harsh conditions such as drought due to their highly resistant genes.
What statements are true about glycolysis?
Select all that apply.
it consumes some ATP as well as producing it
it produces ATP that can be directly used by cells
o it does not directly require oxygen to operate
o it produces more ATP than any of the other respiration reactions
Answer:
true it consumes some ATP as well as producing it
true it produces ATP that can be directly used by cells
true it does not directly require oxygen to operate
false it produces more ATP than any of the other respiration reactions
Glycolysis consumes some ATP as well as producing it, it produces ATP that can be directly used by cells and it does not directly require oxygen to operate. Hence option A,B and C is correct.
What is ATP?ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. It is defined as an organic substance that fuels a variety of functions in living cells, including chemical synthesis, condensate dissolution, nerve impulse transmission, and muscular contraction. It is a byproduct of the photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation processes and serves as the primary energy currency of the cell.
Glycolysis is defined as a chain of events that convert glucose into two pyruvate molecules, which have three carbons each. Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic process that breaks glucose down into two molecules with three carbons apiece and releases energy. Hexokinase, a phosphorylating enzyme, assists in the phosphorylation process that traps glucose.
Thus, glycolysis consumes some ATP as well as producing it, it produces ATP that can be directly used by cells and it does not directly require oxygen to operate. Hence option A,B and C is correct.
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Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.disease. Some carriers of the disease exhibit Sickle cell disease is passed on from parent to offspring. Sickle cell disease is an Increased resistance to malarial parasites. This resistance is a mutation.
First drop down options are (inherited) & (acquired)
Second drop down options are
(Neutral)&(harmful)&(beneficial)
Answer:
Inheriteted/Beneficial
Explanation:
First drop down: "Sickle cell disease is passed on from parent to offspring."
Inheriteted
Second drop down
A increased resistance to a bad thing (malarial parasites) would be Beneficial
what is the final product of tranlation
Answer:
polypeptide
Explanation:
The amino acid sequence is the final result of translation, and is known as a polypeptide. Polypeptides can then undergo folding to become functional proteins.
A eukaryotic cell carries out phagocytosis and engulfs a gram-negative bacterial cell, which ends up in the resulting food vacuole. Hypothetically, to go from the cytosol of this bacterial cell to outside of the eukaryotic cell that has taken it in, what is the least number of biological membranes that would have to be crossed
Answer: 3
Explanation:
Lysozyme and the food vacuole are both membrane bounded organelles. Then to go out of the eukaryotic cell, it has to pass through the cell membrane
IC What will be the difference in liquid pressure on their bases if bo B are filled with water completely but one of them is kept in Lumbini and another in Pokhara? Why?
Explanation:
Answer: Explanation: A will have more pressure in its base and B will have pressure half of A if they are kept in same place. ... B will have more liquid pressure because the density of the salty water is greater than the water.Oct 13, 2020
how many animals has 8leg
Answer:
It seems arachnids are the only animals with 8 legs. Octopuses may appear to have 8 legs, but 6 of them are actually arms and therefore do not count.
Explanation:
Arthropods include such animals as insects, spiders, ticks, centipedes,millipedes, crayfish, lobsters, mites, and scorpions. One class of arthropodsis the arachnids which include spiders, scorpions, and mites. Spiders have two main body parts and eight legs. Insects make up another class of arthropods.
perfect 2 minute speech on deforstation
Answer:
A warm welcome to all present here. Today I am going to give a speech on deforestation. Deforestation is the process of cutting down the forest, without replanting them again. The causes for deforestation are to obtain wood and fuel or to use the land for farming, mining or construction. From the time of civilization till now, forest wood is very essential for humans in our day to day life.Explanation:
U can add more if u like it!Which method gives the actual age of a fossil in years?
Answer:
Radiometric dating methodsExplanation:
Researchers use a clock to estimate the date a rock or fossil was produced in order to ascertain its age. Radiometric dating methods, which are based on the natural radioactive decay of specific elements like potassium and carbon, are widely used by geologists to date ancient events.
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3 adaptive features of amoeba
Answer:
3
Explanation:
because yes
Answer:
They reproduce using binary fission
It contract their vacuoles
Amoeba breathe through the body surface
Place the steps shown below in the correct order.
2.3.1.5.4
2.1.3.4.5
04.1.3.5.2
1.3.4.5.2
2.4.3.1.5
Answer:
option 2. 2.1.3.4.5
Explanation:
This is the accurate answer... that is the correct steps of mitosis
Which of the following is the only one that could cause a theory to change over time?
Group of answer choices
The discovery of new evidence
Exciting new—but untested--hypotheses
A series of new laws passed by the government
A change in public opinion
Answer:
may be
the discovery of new evidence
Explanation:
Accepted theories may be modified or overturned as new evidence and perspective emerges. Scientists are likely to accept a new or modified theory if it explains everything the old theory did and more. The process of theory change may take time and involve controversy, but eventually the scientific explanation that is more accurate will be accepted.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced by the pituitary gland when the brain detects lower than optimum levels of water in the body. In the kidneys, ADH promotes the uptake of water, creating more concentrated urine. ADH travels from the pituitary gland to the kidney through the ________ system.
Answer:
circulatory system
Explanation:
ADH travels in the bloodstream to the kidneys
What does the Hardy-Weinberg principle relate to?
Answer:
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.
Explanation:
What is the function of the enzyme RNA polymerase during transcription?
aids in packaging amino acids for use at a later time
aids in destroying the mRNA sequence that was read
helps speed up the process of transcription
helps slow down the process of transcription
Answer:
RNA polymerase is an enzyme that is responsible for copying a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence, duyring the process of transcription.
The prevalence of CRE infections in health care settings has increased significantly in recent years, in part because these organisms are able to share plasmid-encoded resistance genes. Which method of horizontal gene transfer is most likely responsible for transfer of the plasmid between bacteria
Answer:
Bacterial conjugation
Explanation:
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are different types of bacteria that lead to infections in healthcare settings. Moreover, a plasmid is a small piece of DNA that can replicate independently from the bacterial chromosome. Bacterial conjugation is a type of horizontal gene transfer by which plasmids are transferred from one bacterium referred to as 'donor' into another called 'recipient' by sex pili. Plasmid transfer is unidirectional and depends on physical contact between bacterial cells. In this case, it is expected that this type of DNA transport mechanism occurs among patients occupying the same rooms in healthcare settings.
Some of the smallest cells in the human body are red blood cells. They make up nearly half the volume of blood. A typical red blood cell is 8 µm across. The largest artery that blood flows through is the aorta, which is about 20 mm (2 cm) across. How many red blood cells would fit side-by-side across the aorta? Show your working.
Answer:
[tex]$1.6 \times 10^{-3}$[/tex]
Explanation:
Given data :
Size of a typical red blood cells = 8 µm
= 0.0008 cm
The size of the largest artery through which the blood flows, known as aorta
= 20 mm
= 2 cm
Thus the number of the red blood cells that would fit side by side across the aorta would be = 2 cm x 0.0008 cm
= [tex]$1.6 \times 10^{-3}$[/tex]
How is  eukaryotic RNA processed before leaving the nucleus 
Answer:
Messenger RNA, or mRNA, leaves the nucleus through pores in the nuclear membrane. ... During mRNA processing, the introns (non-coding regions) of the pre-mRNA are removed, and the exons (the coding regions) are spliced together. Additionally, a 5' cap and a 3' poly A tail are added to the pre-mRNA
Explanation:
What is one of the negative consequences of burning waste?
A. It reduces consumption
B. It pollutes the groundwater
C. It contributes to climate change
D. It creates runoff
Answer:
B. It pollutes the groundwater.
Answer:
B. It pollutes the groundwater.
A change in the water availability of an area made it lose certain species, reverting the area to an earlier serial stage. Which of the following is described by this scenario?
Answer:
Ecological succession.
Explanation:
Ecological succession occurs in this scenario because the area is changing again to its original or starting stage due to change in its environmental conditions. Those plants that needs large amount of water will vanished and those plants that needs less water will take the place of that plants. This phenomenon also occur with other animals that living in that ecosystem.
Edman degradation can be used to A) identify the N-terminal amino acid of a polypeptide. B) identify the C-terminal amino acid of a polypeptide. C) separate the subunits of a multi-subunit protein. D) cleave a protein at specific sites. E) cleave disulfide bonds within a protein so that the individual polypeptides can be separated.
Answer:
A) identify the N-terminal amino acid of a polypeptide
Explanation:
Edman degradation is a series of chemical reactions that enables the stepwise cleavage of the amino-terminal residue from a peptide/protein. This method sequentially removes N-terminal residues without disrupting peptide bonds between other amino acid residues, thereby obtaining the amino acid sequences from the target peptide/protein. Edman degradation can be defined as a cyclic method in which each residue is cleaved off from the amino-terminal end of the peptide/protein and then identified by reverse-phase chromatography, which is a technique used to separate peptides/proteins on the basis of their hydrophobicity.
