The control used by Trey when he want employee to work extra hours every week is they failed to meet target is known as bureaucratic control.
The bureaucratic control refer to a form of control which is base on formal system of rules, roles, records, rewards etc
Typically, an organization uses the bureaucratic control to influence, monitor and assess its employee performance.Hence, the control used by Trey when he want employee to work extra hours every week is they failed to meet target is known as bureaucratic control.Therefore, the Option B is correct.
Read more about bureaucratic control:
brainly.com/question/20351132
MC Qu. 163 Flagstaff Company has budgeted production... Flagstaff Company has budgeted production units for July of 7,500 units. Variable factory overhead is $1.3 per unit. Budgeted fixed factory overhead is $17,000, which includes $2,600 of factory equipment depreciation. Compute the total budgeted overhead to be reported on the factory overhead budget for the month.
Answer:
$26,750
Explanation:
Computation for the total budgeted overhead to be reported on the factory overhead budget for the month.
Using this formula
Total budgeted overhead=Variable factory overhead +Fixed factory overhead X
Let plug in the formula
Total budgeted overhead=($1.3*7,500 units)+$17,000X
Total budgeted overhead=$9,750+$17,000X
Total budgeted overhead=$26,750
Therefore the total budgeted overhead to be reported on the factory overhead budget for the month is $26,750
Camper's Edge Factory produces two products: canopies and tents. The total factory overhead is budgeted at $750,000 for the year, divided between two departments ----Cutting, $350,000, and Sewing, $400,000. Each canopy requires 2 direct labor hours in Cutting and 1 direct labor hour in Sewing. Each tent requires 1 direct labor hour in Cutting and 6 direct labor hours in Sewing. Production for the year is budgeted for 20,000 canopies and 10,000 tents.
Required:
a. Determine the total number of budgeted direct labor hours for the year in each department.
b. Determine the factory overhead allocated per unit of each product using the department factory overhead allocation rates using direct labor hours as the base.
Answer:
Camper's Edge Factory
Departments Cutting Sewing
a. The total number of budgeted
direct labor hours for the year 60,000 70,000
b. Products Canopy Tent
Factory overhead per unit $17.50 $40
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Total budgeted factory overhead = $750,000
Canopy Tent Total
Direct labor hours
Cutting 2 1 3
Sewing 1 6 7
Total direct labor hours 3 7
Budgeted production units 20,000 10,000
Departments Cutting Sewing
Budgeted factory overhead $350,000 $400,000
Direct labor hours:
Canopy 40,000 (20,000 * 2) 10,000 (10,000 * 1)
Tent 20,000 (20,000 * 1) 60,000 (10,000 * 6)
Total direct labor hours 60,000 70,000
Overhead allocation rates $5.833 $5.714
($350,000/60,000) ($400,000/70,000)
Overhead per unit $17.50 ($5.833 * 3) $40 ($5.714 * 7)
If Walmart (WMT) recently earned a profit of $5.10 per share and has a P/E ratio of 16.25. The dividend has been growing at a 6 percent rate over the past few years. If this growth continues, what would be the stock price in five years if the P/E ratio remained unchanged?
What would the price be if the P/E ratio declined to 12 in five years?
A) $41.44, $30.60 respectively
B) $82.88, $61.20 respectively
C) $110.91, $81.90 respectively
D) $414.38, $306.00 respectively
Answer:
C) $110.91, $81.90 respectively
Explanation:
Earning per share after year 5 = $5.10*(1+6%)^5
Earning per share after year 5 = $5.10*(1.06)^5
Earning per share after year 5 = $5.10*1.33823
Earning per share after year 5 = $6.825
If this growth continues, what would be the stock price in five years if the P/E ratio remained unchanged?
Price per share = P/E ratio * Earning per share
Price per share = 16.25*$6.825
Price per share = $110.91
What would the price be if the P/E ratio declined to 12 in five years?
Price per share = P/E ratio * Earning per share
Price per share = 12*$6.825
Price per share = $81.90
A campus deli serves 200 customers over its busy lunch period from 11:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. A quick count of the number of customers waiting in line and being served by the sandwich makers shows that an average of 10 customers are in process at any point in time. The average amount of time that a customer spends in process is _______ minutes (round to the nearest integer).
Answer: 2 hours
Explanation:
a. Sunland Cosmetics acquired 12% of the 287,500 shares of common stock of Elite Fashion at a total cost of $14 per share on March 18, 2019. On June 30, Elite declared and paid a $80,200 dividend. On December 31, Elite reported net income of $228,100 for the year. At December 31, the market price of Elite Fashion was $16 per share.
b. Culver Inc. obtained significant influence over Kasey Corporation by buying 25% of Kasey's 29,100 outstanding shares of common stock at a total cost of $11 per share on January 1, 2020. On June 15, Kasey declared and paid a cash dividend of $38.500. On December 31, Kasey reported a net income of $122.900 for the year.
Required:
Prepare all the necessary journal entries for 2020 for Culver Inc.
Answer:
Mar 18
Dr Available for sales Securities $4,025,000
Cr Cash $4,025,000
June 30
Dr Cash $9624
Cr Dividend Revenue $9624
Dec-31
Dr Securities Fair value Adjustment $575,000
Cr Unrealised gain or Losss- income$575,000
B. Jan 1
Dr Investment in Culver stock $80,025
Cr Cash $80,025
Jan 15
Dr Cash $9,625
Cr Investment in Culver stock $9,625
Dec, 31
Dr Investment in Culver stock $30,725
Cr Revenue $30,725
Explanation:
Preparation of all the necessary journal entries for 2020 for Culver Inc.
Mar 18
Dr Available for sales Securities $4,025,000
(287,500*$14)
Cr Cash $4,025,000
June 30
Dr Cash $9624
Cr Dividend Revenue $9624
($80,200*12%)
Dec-31
Dr Securities Fair value Adjustment $575,000
Cr Unrealised gain or Losss- income$575,000
[(287,500*($16-$14)]
B. Jan 1
Dr Investment in Culver stock $80,025
(29,100*25%*$11)
Cr Cash $80,025
Jan 15
Dr Cash $9,625
($38,500*25%)
Cr Investment in Culver stock $9,625
Dec, 31
Dr Investment in Culver stock $30,725
($122,900*25%)
Cr Revenue $30,725
Project Risk Analysis and IdentificationInitial Postings: Read and reflect on the assigned readings for the week. Then post what you thought was the most important concept(s), method(s), term(s), and/or any other thing that you felt was worthy of your understanding in each assigned textbook chapter.Your initial post should be based upon the assigned reading for the week, so the textbook should be a source listed in your reference section and cited within the body of the text. Other sources are not required but feel free to use them if they aid in your discussion.Also, provide a graduate-level response to each of the following questions:
1. Explain each of the following steps in risk evaluation and remediation.
Risk identification.
Risk evaluation for chance of occurrence.
Risk evaluation for impact if the risk takes place.
The four types of risk remediation.
What is a project risk owner.
What is a risk threshold.
What is a risk matrix.
2. Complete a risk analysis for a project involving a family vacation where a family of four is driving 1,000 miles one way to Myrtle Beach, SC to stay for one week at a coastal resort. Include the construction of a risk matrix.
Answer:
Checklists.
Lessons Learned.
Subject Matter Experts.
Documentation Review.
SWOT Analysis.
Brainstorming.
Delphi Technique.
Assumptions Analysis.
Alyeska Services Company, a division of a major oil company, provides various services to the operators of the North Slope oil field in Alaska. Data concerning the most recent year appear below: Sales $ 17,700,000 Net operating income $ 5,300,000 Average operating assets $ 35,100,000 Required: 1. Compute the margin for Alyeska Services Company. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) 2. Compute the turnover for Alyeska Services Company. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) 3. Compute the return on investment (ROI) for Alyeska Services Company.
Answer:Profit margin = 29.94%
Asset Turnover =0.50
Return on investment (ROI) =15.09%
Explanation:
Given
Sales for the year = $ 17,700,000
Net Operating Income = $ 5,300,000
Average Operating Assets = $ 35,100,000
a)Profit margin = (Net operating income/Net sales ) x 100%
= $5,300,000/$17,700,000 x 100% = 29.94%.
This shows that the Alyeska Services company has ability to turn income to profit by 29.94%
b. Asset Turnover = Total Sales/ Average Total Assets = $17,700,000/$35,100,000 = 0.50
c. Return on investment (ROI) =Net income/Total investment x 100%
= $ 5,300,000/ $ 35,100,000 x 100% =15.09%
Standard Quantities Allowed of Labor and Materials Miel Company produces ready-to-cook oatmeal. Each carton of oatmeal requires 18 ounces of rolled oats per carton (the unit quantity standard) and 0.05 labor hour (the unit labor standard). During the year, 750,000 cartons of oatmeal were produced. Required: 1. Calculate the total amount of oats allowed for the actual output. fill in the blank 1 ounces 2. Calculate the total amount of labor hours allowed for the actual output. fill in the blank 2 hours
Answer:
13,500,000 ounces of oatmeal37,500 labor hoursExplanation:
1. Total amount of oats allowed for the actual output:
= Cartons of oatmeal produced * Oatmeal per carton
= 750,000 * 18
= 13,500,000 ounces of oatmeal
2. Labor hours allowed for actual output:
= Cartons of oatmeal produced * Labor hours required
= 750,000 * 0.05
= 37,500 labor hours
During a risk brainstorming session a team member identifies a risk. This particular risk does not seem to belong to any of the categories in you Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS). How should you respond
Answer:
Record it in the risk register, discuss potential responses and make a note to update the RBS.
Explanation:
Risk management is the process by which the management of an organisation identifies, assessed, and controls threats that may affect the company's capital or earnings.
The risks can be as a result of natural disasters, management error, financial uncertainty, or accidents.
In the given instance if a risk is not on any of the categories in you Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS), there is need to record it in the risk register, discuss potential responses and make a note to update the RBS.
Compute the following amounts for the income statement. Do not use negative signs in your answers.
Kelly's Kandles Antiques Galore
Sales 133200 40,000
Cost of goods sold
Gross margin 25600
Selling expenses 13,500 4,000
General and Admin.expenses 16,100 1000
Net income before tax 51600
Income tax expense 1,200
Net income 32300
Answer:
Therefore, we have:
Kelly's Kandles Antiques Galore
Sales 133200 40,000
Cost of goods sold 52,000 14,400
Gross margin 81,200 25600
Selling expenses 13,500 4,000
General and Admin. expenses 16,100 1000
Net income before tax 51600 20,600
Income tax expense 19,300 1,200
Net income 32300 19,400
Explanation:
Given:
Kelly's Kandles Antiques Galore
Sales 133200 40,000
Cost of goods sold
Gross margin 25600
Selling expenses 13,500 4,000
General and Admin. expenses 16,100 1000
Net income before tax 51600
Income tax expense 1,200
Net income 32300
For Kelly's Kandles, we have:
Gross margin = Selling expenses + General and Admin. expenses + Net income before tax = 13,500 + 16,100 + 51,600 = 81,200
Cost of goods sold = Sales - Gross margin = 133200 - 81,200 = 52,000
Income tax expense = Net income before tax - Net income = 51600 - 32300 = 19,300
For Antiques Galore, we have:
Cost of goods sold = Sales - Gross margin = 40000 - 25600 = 14,400
Net income before tax = Gross margin - Selling expenses - General and Admin. Expenses = 25,600 - 4,000 - 1,000 = 20,600
Income tax expense = Net income before tax - Net income = 20,600 - 1,200 = 19,400
Therefore, we have:
Kelly's Kandles Antiques Galore
Sales 133200 40,000
Cost of goods sold 52,000 14,400
Gross margin 81,200 25600
Selling expenses 13,500 4,000
General and Admin. expenses 16,100 1000
Net income before tax 51600 20,600
Income tax expense 19,300 1,200
Net income 32300 19,400
Begin with a single sum of money at period 0. First, calculate a future value of that sum at 12.01%. Then discount that future value back to period 0 at 11.99%. In relation to the initial single sum, the discounted future value:_________
a. Is greater than the original amount
b. Is less than the original amount
c. Is the same as the original amount
d. Cannot be determined with the information given
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Let single sum = 100
The formula for calculating future value:
FV = P (1 + r)^nm
FV = Future value
P = Present value
R = interest rate
m = number of compounding
N = number of years
Future value in year 1 = 100 x 1.1201 = 112.01
Present value = future value / (1 + r)
112.01 / 1.1199 = 100.02
The discounted future value, 100.02 , is greater than, 100, the value at the initial stage by 0.02
What would happen to the equilibrium price and quantity of lattés if the cost to produce steamed milk, which is used to make lattés, increased, and scientists discovered that lattés lead to a longer life expectancy? Group of answer choices The equilibrium quantity would decrease, and the effect on equilibrium price would be ambiguous. Both the equilibrium price and quantity would increase. Both the equilibrium price and quantity would decrease. The equilibrium price would increase, and the effect on equilibrium quantity would be ambiguous.
Answer:
The equilibrium price would increase, and the effect on equilibrium quantity would be ambiguous.
Explanation:
The equilibrium price would increase, and the effect on equilibrium quantity would be ambiguous.
The increase in the cost of production will decrease the supply so the supply curve will shift leftward and simultaneously the research by scientists says the consumption of lattes will increase the life expectancy so many people will start consuming t os demand curve will shift rightwards. That means equilibrium price will increase but change in quantity can not be determined.
Four roommates are planning to spend the weekend in their dorm room watching old movies, and they are debating how many to watch. Here is their willingness to pay for each film:
Willingness to Pay (Dollars)
Antonio Dmitri Jake Nick
First film 10 9 8 3
Second film 8 7 6 2
Third film 6 5 4 1
Fourth film 4 3 2 0
Fifth film 2 1 0 0
Within the dorm room, the showing of a movie a public good. If it costs $12 to rent a movie, the roommates should rent movies in order to maximize the total surplus. Suppose the roommates choose to rent the optimal number of movies you just indicated and then split the cost of renting equally. This means that each roommate will pay $_____________ .
The roommates would rent 3 movies to maximise total surplus
Each roommate would pay $9
The roommates would watch the films that yields a positive consumer surplus
Consumer surplus is the difference between the willingness to pay of a consumer and the price of the good.
Consumer surplus = willingness to pay – price of the good
Willingness to pay is the highest amount a consumer is willing to pay for a good or service
Consumer surplus is positive if willingness to pay exceeds the price of the movie and it is negative when the price of the good exceeds the willingness to pay of the consumers
Total willingness to pay for the first movie = 10 + 9+ 8+ 3 = 30
Total willingness to pay ($30) exceeds the price of the movie ($12). Consumer surplus is positive. The first movie will be rented
Total willingness to pay for the second movie = 8+ 7+ 6+ 2 = 23
Total willingness to pay ($23) exceeds the price of the movie ($12). Consumer surplus is positive. The second movie will be rented.
Total willingness to pay for the third movie = 6+ 5+ 4+ 1 = 16
Total willingness to pay ($16) exceeds the price of the movie ($12). Consumer surplus is positive. The third movie will be rented.
Total willingness to pay for the fourth movie = 4+ 3+ 2+ 0 = 9
Total willingness to pay ($9) is less than the price of the movie ($12). Consumer surplus is negative. The fourth movie will be rented.
Only three movies would be rented.
Total cost of the 3 three movies = $12 x 3 = $36
Cost to each roommate if the bill is split equally = $36 / 4 = $9
For more information on willingness to pay, please check : https://brainly.com/question/13623559?referrer=searchResults
Front Company had net income of $73,500 based on variable costing. Beginning and ending inventories were 900 units and 1,400 units, respectively. Assume the fixed overhead per unit was $7.95 for both the beginning and ending inventory. What is net income under absorption costing
Answer:
$77,475
Explanation:
Calculation to determine net income under absorption costing
Using this formula
Net income=Net income+(Ending inventories×fixed overhead per unit)- (Beginning Inventories × Fixed overhead per unit)
Let plug in the formula
Net income=$73,500 + (1,400 units x $7.95) - (900 x $7.95)
Net income=$73,500+$11,130-$7,155
Net income=$77,475
Therefore net income under absorption costing is $77,475
A parcel delivery company delivered 103,600 packages last year, when its average employment was 83 drivers. This year, the firm handled 112,160 deliveries with 93 drivers. What was the percentage change in productivity over the past years?
Answer: -3.38%
Explanation:
The percentage change in productivity over the past years will be calculated thus:
The Productivity will be the total packages handled divided by the number of drivers employed.
Last year Productivity will be:
= 103600/83
= 1248.19 packages per driver
This year Productivity will be:
= 112160/93
= 1206.02 packages per driver
Therefore, the percentage change in productivity = (This year Productivity - Last year Productivity) / (Last year Productivity) ×100
= [(1206.02-1248.19) / (1248.19)] × 100
= -42.17/1248.19 × 100
= -3.38%
theo bạn, 1 sản phẩm đáng bán rất tốt có cần thiết đưa hàng hóa đó lên mạng không?
Louis Vuitton decides to invest $80,000,000 into a shoe factory in Milan from its money market account. The money market account was earning 1% in interest per year or $800,000. Louis Vuitton could have also earned $200,000 from investing the $80,000,000 in a handbag factory. What is its opportunity cost for Louis Vuitton based off of the information in presented this situation?
a. $200,000
b. $1,000,000
c. $80,000,000
d. $800,000
Answer:
d. $800,000
Explanation:
In opportunity cost parlance, we talk about the cost/benefit forgone of the next best alternative, not for all alternatives forgone.
The benefit forgone of the next best alternative is the $800,000 that could have been earned if the funds have been invested in the money market account, in other words, $800,000.
Your uncle offers you a choice of $112,000 in 10 years or $51,000 today. Use Appendix B as an approximate answer, but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods. a-1. If money is discounted at 8 percent, what is the present value of the $112,000
Answer:
the present value of the $112,000 is $51,856
Explanation:
The computation of the present value is given below:
Present Value = Amount × Present value factor at 8% for 10 years
= $112,000 × 0.463
= $51,856
hence, the present value of the $112,000 is $51,856
We simply applied the above formula so that the correct amount could come
Which of these are good ways to find a buyer’s agent?
Answer:
1.Search online.
2.Interview agents.
Correlation Coefficient Matrix A is consistent with the theory of demand for attendance (i.e. that quantity demanded decreases as price increases.)
A. True
B. False
Answer:
Correlation Coefficient Matrix A
A. True
Explanation:
A Correlation Coefficient Matrix is a tabular display of the correlation in variables, showing the linear relationships between each other. The variables are shown in rows and columns, and each cell in the table contains the correlation coefficient. The Correlation Coefficient Matrix A could be used to determine a team's winning percent scores when the revenues are checked.
If a fixed asset, such as a computer, were purchased on January 1st for $3,750 with an estimated life of 3 years and a salvage or residual value of $150, the journal entry for monthly expense under straight-line depreciation is: (Note: EOM indicates the last day of each month.)
Answer:
EOM depreciation expense $100
accumulated depreciation $100
Explanation:
Depreciation is a method used in expensing the cost of an asset.
Yearly Straight line depreciation expense = (Cost of asset - Salvage value) / useful life
($3750 - $150) / 3 = $1200
Monthly depreciation = yearly depreciation / 12
1200 /12 = 100
Accumulated depreciation is sum of depreciation expense
The Rolling Department of Oak Ridge Steel Company had 3,600 tons in beginning work in process inventory (50% complete). During July, 59,500 tons were completed. The ending work in process inventory on July 31 was 3,000 tons (40% complete).
What are the total equivalent units for direct materials for July if materials are added at the beginning of the process?
Read the following details and determine why international trade is possible between these two countries.
Koopmansville has many natural lakes and streams. As a result, its residents grow up on the water and have a natural sense of how boats should work and be made. Because of that knowledge, even though there is demand for canoes in both countries, all of the canoe factories have located themselves in Koopmansville to take advantage of local knowledge. Despite their similarities, Cassvania and Koopmansville are able to trade because of:________.
a. external economies of scale.
b. increasing returns to scale
Answer:
Despite their similarities, Cassvania and Koopmansville are able to trade because of:________.
a. external economies of scale.
Explanation:
Koopmansville enjoys external economies of scale over Cassavania in the production of canoes. These benefits come in the form of lower production and operating costs and reduced variable costs per unit as a result of operational efficiencies and synergies. In addition, the residents of Koopmansville, given their environment, have natural sense of boat-making.
ven the ethical lapses that are prevalent today in our businesses, what can be done to restore trust in the free-market system and leaders in general? Multiple Choice Making the government accountable for business leader behavior will restore trust. New laws making accounting records transparent may help restore trust. It's up to the government to pass laws requiring ethical behavior of all leaders, business and otherwise. Business leaders that have broken the law should be given another chance.
Answer:
New laws making accounting records transparent and punishing the wrongdoers may help restore trust.
Explanation:
Free market can be regarded as a system whereby the prices for goods as well as services are been self-regulated by buyers as well as sellers that are negotiating in an open market.
Trust in free-market system as well as leaders in general can be restored by setting up New laws making accounting records transparent and punishing the wrongdoers may help restore trust.
Transparency can be regarded as access and proper disclosure of financial information, this information could be audited financial reports of a company and other information. In financial reporting, transparency can be regarded as having reports with high quality as well as clear information so that this information can be easily understood. The budgeting as well as forecasting of a company should be available readily in case it is needed by existing investors to access as well as to comprehend. Another one is that a new law that will put any violators or wrongdoer in free market should be set up, this will reduce crimes in accounting aspect of organization.
The parts of the process cost summary include:______.
a. cost charged to each job.
b. costs charged to departments.
c. cost assignment and reconciliation.
d. equivalent units of production.
Answer:
b. costs charged to departments. c. cost assignment and reconciliation. d. equivalent units of productionExplanation:
In Process costing, the company involved is producing a large amount of goods and services that are exactly the same. In order to assign costs therefore, the company will assign costs to all the products instead of individually.
Costs would be charged to various departments because they produce the goods so the entire department cost has to be assigned and reconciled with with the department that produce the goods. When the company only managed to partially complete the production of a good, they will still have to assign costs and so use equivalent units of production to do so.
Froot Loop Inc., a cereal manufacturer, has variable costs of $0.40 per unit of product. In May, the volume of production was 25,000 units, and units sold were 21,600. The total production costs incurred were $30,600. What are the fixed costs per month
Answer:
the fixed cost per month is $20,600
Explanation:
The computation of the fixed cost is given below:
Fixed costs = Total Production Costs - Variable costs
= $30600 - $0.40 per unit × 25000 units
= $30600 - $10,000
= $20,600
hence, the fixed cost per month is $20,600
We simply deduct the variable cost from the total production cost so that the fixed cost could come
The aggregate expenditure (AE) curve Group of answer choices includes expenditures on foreign as well as domestic goods. does not include expenditures on either imports or exports. includes expenditures by domestic residents only. includes all expenditures on domestic goods.
Answer:
includes all expenditures on domestic goods.
Explanation:
AE curve is a combined current value of all the finished goods ad services in the economy. AE curve assumes a fixed price level, here the level of condition, expenditure and net imports would change. The equation of curve is AE = C + I + G + NX.MC Qu. 120 Levelor Company's flexible budget shows... Levelor Company's flexible budget shows $10,640 of overhead at 75% of capacity, which was the operating level achieved during May. However, the company applied overhead to production during May at a rate of $2.20 per direct labor hour based on a budgeted operating level of 6,050 direct labor hours (90% of capacity). If overhead actually incurred was $11,106 during May, the controllable variance for the month was:
Answer: $466 Unfavorable
Explanation:
The Controllable variance is found by the formula:
= Flexible budget overhead - Actual Overhead incurred
= 10,640 - 11,106
= -$466
As this is a negative, it is an Unfavorable variance because it shows that actual overhead was higher than planned.
Explain one situation when you will use these two pricing strategies penetration pricing and skimming prices
Answer:
An electronic news portal that offers one complimentary month for something like a free trial service or an institution that offers a free bank account for 6 months are both instances of penetration pricing.
A pricing technique known as price skimming is establishing a premium charge when other rivals enter the market. For instance, the Playstation 3 was initially priced at $599 in the United States, but has now been lowered to around $200.
On a bank reconciliation, a bank fee for check printing not yet recorded by the company is: A. Noted as a memorandum only. B. Added to the book balance of cash. C. Deducted from the book balance of cash. D. Added to the bank balance of cash. E. Deducted from the bank balance of cash.
Answer:
C) Deducted from the book balance of cash
Explanation:
bank reconciliation can be regarded as process where by bank account balance in an entity’s books of account is been reconciled to balance that is been reported by the financial institution Using the recent bank statement. It should be noted that On a bank reconciliation, a bank fee for check printing not yet recorded by the company is Deducted from the book balance of cash
