Krumple Inc. produces aluminum cans. Production of 12-ounce cans has a standard unit quantity of 4.4 ounces of aluminum per can. During the month of April, 304,000 cans were produced using 1,250,000 ounces of aluminum. The actual cost of aluminum was $0.21 per ounce and the standard price was $0.12 per ounce. There are no beginning or ending inventories of aluminum. Calculate the materials price and usage variances using the columnar and formula approaches. Enter amounts as positive numbers and select Favorable or Unfavorable.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Material Price Variance : $112,500 Unfavorable

Material Quantity Variance : 3,168 Favorable

Explanation:

Material Quantity Variance:

Standard quantity : 304,000 cans * 4.4 ounces = 1,337,600

Actual Quantity used : 1,311,200

Variance : 26,400 * $0.12 = $3,168 Favorable

Material Price Variance:

Standard Price : [Standard Price * Actual usage]

[$0.12  * 1,250,000] = $150,000

Actual Price [Actual Price * Actual Usage]

[$0.21 * 1,250,000] = $262,500

Variance : $112,500 UnFavorable


Related Questions

lead a particular function or a subunit within a function. *
General Manager
Functional Manager
Front-Line Manager
ОСЕО

Answers

Answer:

Functional managers are accountable to manage people with specific skills and different resources within a department or section to meet functional objectives as well as corporate objectives. ... Sometimes, both functional managers and project managers have to work together to share resources and experience.

Explanation:function manager

A remotely located air sampling station can be powered by solar cells or by running an electric line to the site and using conventional power. Solar cells will cost $15,000 to install and will have a useful life of 4 years with no salvage value. Annual costs for inspection, cleaning, etc. are expected to be $1,500. A new power line will cost $13,000 to install, with power costs expected to be $1,200 per year. Since the air sampling project will end in 4 years, the salvage value of the line is considered to be zero. At an interest rate of 14% per year, which alternative should be selected on the basis of a future worth analysis?

Answers

Answer:

Since the total future worth of running an electric line of $19,353.42 is less than the total future worth of solar cells is $24,132.22, it will be cheaper to run an electric line than to use solar cells. So running an electric line should be the answer.

Impact of hiring based on experience rather than qualification

Answers

Answer: Those with experience rather than qualification will be able to complete work quickly and efficiently while being able to responsibly handle problems.

Explanation:

Of course those with qualification could work well, however experience usually creates a great gap in between those with and without experience.

If this answer is incorrect, simply correct it or mention that it is incorrect.

Which of the following is one way business can be categorized ? A. By width B. By product C. By salary D. By demographic

Answers

Answer:

D; by demographic

demographic because of the society

Below are five items that would be included in the balance of payments for the United States. Sort each item into either the current account or the capital account.

a. a Japanese citizen earns dividend income on shares of stock of a U.S. firm
b. a U.S. citizen buys a vacation home in Acapulco, Mexico
c. a U.S. citizen buys a BMW made in Germany
d. a Japanese citizen donates money to a U.S. charity

Answers

The following items would be in the current account:

a U.S. citizen buys a vacation home in Acapulco, Mexico

c. a U.S. citizen buys a BMW made in Germany

The following items would be in the capital account:

A Japanese citizen earns dividend income on shares of stock of a U.S. firm.

a Japanese citizen donates money to a U.S. charity

The current account records information on  the flow of tangible goods and services in a country.  

Components of the current account

Trade balance - it records import and export.  Net income - it records the income received by a country's residents less the income paid to foreigners. Transfers - it includes income sent to a country by its citizens working in foreign countries.

The capital account is used to record capital transfers and investments.

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Why is it challenging to develop a problem statement for a project?

Answers

Answer:

People often find it extremely difficult to recognize and document the real problem, partly because they focus on the wrong things, generally symptoms rather than cause, and make incorrect presumptions of how the process works. ... Identify the problem, opportunity or challenge. Define current performance measures.

Explanation:

hope it helps

two special courses suggested for the career and has offered reasons for their placement Agriculture, Food & Natural Resources.two special courses suggested for the career and has offered reasons for their placement Agriculture, Food & Natural Resources.

Answers

Answer:

The Bachelor of Science Degree in Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Education is designed to prepare students for careers as school-based agriculture, food and natural resources teachers at the secondary-level, careers in agricultural and natural resource education fields, or for professional or graduate studies.

Requirements for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Education

The University requirements for bachelor’s degrees as described in the Undergraduate Education section of this catalog; 120 credits, including general elective credits, are required for the Bachelor of Science degree in Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Education.

The University’s Tier II writing requirement for the Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources major is met by completing Community Sustainability 301. That course is referenced in item 3. below.

Students who are enrolled in the Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources Education major leading to the Bachelor of Science degree in the Department of Community Sustainability may complete an alternative track to Integrative Studies in Biological and Physical Sciences that consists of the following courses: Biological Science 162 and 172, and Chemistry 141. The completion of Biological Science 172 satisfies the laboratory requirement. Biological Science 162 and 172, and Chemistry 141 may be counted toward both the alternative track and the requirements for the major referenced in item 3.

Explanation:

In each diary kept by the owner/engineer's or contractor's personnel, entries should be made: A. to document every working day, whether any work is performed or not, or even if you did not go to the project site that day. B. only if something of particular importance is happening. C. regularly each time that you visit a site where work is being done; however, no entry need be made unless you were personally at the site and witnessed work being performed. D. A diary is neither necessary nor desirable on construction.

Answers

According to the construction management principle, in each diary kept by the owner/engineer's or contractor's personnel, entries should be made "to document every working day, whether any work is performed or not, or even if you did not go to the project site that day."

Purpose of Site Diary in Construction Management

A Site Diary in Construction management is a record book written to document the daily activity of the construction site.

A well-written site dairy is expected to show all the delivered or missing services and materials during the construction projects.

Hence, in this case, it is concluded that the correct answer is option A.

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In terms of measuring and validating supply savings: Group of answer choices static markets, technologies, and volumes facilitate the process. there is a universal definition of supply savings. information systems easily capture savings. in many cases there is an inability to convert savings into profit.

Answers

It should be noted that in terms of measuring and validating supply savings, in many cases there is an inability to convert savings into profit.

It should be noted that an accurate measurement of cost savings is easier said than done in the supply chain. Despite this, learning how to address the measurement is vital for the competitiveness of a company.

Therefore, in terms of measuring and validating supply savings, in many cases there is an inability to convert savings into profit. Addressing the measurement and reporting the challenges is vital for the profitability of a business.

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Daisy is a director of Extraction Corporation. She opposes an offer to merge Extraction with Fill Inc. because she would lose her board position. Daisy is most likely liable for breach of

Answers

Considering the case about above, Daisy is most likely liable for breach duty of loyalty.

Daisy is been regarded as director of Extraction Corporation, which means she should be loyal to that office by following the protocol in performing tasks.

Duty of loyalty simply implies that individual should be loyal to his or her office by following the ethics of the organization.

Therefore, Daisy breached duty of loyalty because, of her opposition to merge the Extraction.

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Tanya's employer offers a cafeteria plan that allows employees to choose among a number of benefits. Each employee is allowed $6,000 in benefits. For 2021, Tanya selected $3,480 ($290 per month) of parking, $1,720 in 401(k) contributions, and $800 of cash. How much must Tanya include in taxable income

Answers

Based on the benefits that Tanya chose, the benefits to be included in taxable income is $1,040

The amounts that Tanya can include in taxable income are:

Cash Parking benefits

The Parking benefits are however limited to $270 per month in 2021 which means Tanya can only include:

= (290 - 270) x 12 months

= $240

The amount to be included is therefore:

= 240 + 800

= $1,040

In conclusion, Tanya can include $1,040 of benefits in her taxable income.

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How should Sophia advise her senator? Why?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

A Promotion

duffy company has a fiscal year ending on september 30, 2020. the adjusted trial balance at the end of the year is as follows: duffy company trial balance (adjusted) 30-sep-20 debit $37,400 $4,200 $6,200 11,000 3,900 70,000 120,000 80,000 18,600 123,500 7,800 18,000 14,400 12,000 21,900 548,900 credit cash inventory supplies accounts receivable prepaid insurance land equipment patent accumulated depreciation – equipment accounts payable mortgage payable (due 2024) interest payable salaries and wages payable unearned rent revenue dividends capital retained earnings, oct 1, 2019 sales revenue rent revenue cost of goods sold depreciation expense insurance expense supplies expense interest expense salaries and wages expense required: a) prepare a classified statement of financial position. b) journalize the closing entries c) prepare a post-closing trial balance $42,000 19,600 79,000 6,000 4,100 4,800 109,700 28,800 240,500 14,400 548,900 (10 marks) (5 marks) (5 mark

Answers

The preparation of a classified statement of financial position (balance sheet), closing entries, and post-closing trial balance is as follows:

a.  Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet)

As of September 30, 2020

Assets:

Current Assets:

Cash                                            $37,400

Inventory                                        4,200

Supplies                                         6,200

Accounts Receivable                   11,000

Prepaid Insurance                        3,900    $62,700

Long-term Assets:

Land                                            70,000

Equipment                                120,000

Accumulated Depreciation      (18,600)

Patent                                        80,000

Other assets                               13,800  $265,200

Total assets                                             $327,900

Liabilities and Equity:

Current Liabilities:

Accounts payable                      42,000

Interest payable                          19,600

Salaries and wages payable      6,000

Unearned rent revenue               4,100    $71,700

Long-term Liabilities:

Mortgage payable (due 2024)                 79,000

Total liabilities                                        $150,700

Equity:

Capital                                     109,700

Retained earnings                   67,500 $177,200

Total liabilities and equity                 $327,900

b) Closing Journal Entries:

Debit Sales revenue $240,500

Credit Statement of Financial Performance $240,500

Debit Statement of Financial Performance $123,500

Credit Cost of goods sold $123,500

Debit Rent revenue $14,400

Credit Statement of Financial Performance $14,400

Debit Expenses:

Depreciation Expense $7,800

Insurance Expense $18,000

Supplies Expense $14,400

Interest Expense $12,000

Salaries and Wages Expense $21,900

Credit Statement of Financial Performance $74,100

Debit Credit Statement of Financial Performance $57,300

Credit Retained Earnings $57,300

c) Post-Closing Trial Balance

Account Titles                                 Debit        Credit

Cash                                            $37,400

Inventory                                        4,200

Supplies                                         6,200

Accounts Receivable                   11,000

Prepaid Insurance                        3,900

Long-term Assets:

Land                                            70,000

Equipment                                120,000

Accumulated Depreciation                         $18,600

Patent                                        80,000

Other assets                               13,800

Accounts payable                                        42,000

Interest payable                                           19,600

Salaries and wages payable                        6,000

Unearned rent revenue                                 4,100

Mortgage payable (due 2024)                  79,000

Capital                                                       109,700

Retained earnings                                     67,500

Totals                                  $327,900  $327,900

Data and Calculations:

Trial Balance

Cash                                            $37,400

Inventory                                        4,200

Supplies                                         6,200

Accounts Receivable                   11,000

Prepaid Insurance                        3,900

Land                                            70,000

Equipment                                120,000

Patent                                         80,000

Other assets                               13,800

Accumulated Depreciation- Equipment $18,600

Cost of goods sold                  123,500

Depreciation Expense                7,800

Insurance Expense                   18,000

Supplies Expense                     14,400

Interest Expense                      12,000

Salaries and Wages Expense 21,900

Accounts payable                                    42,000

Mortgage payable (due 2024)                79,000

Interest payable                                       19,600

Salaries and wages payable                    6,000

Unearned rent revenue                            4,100

Dividends                              4,800

Capital                                                   109,700

Retained earnings, Oct. 1, 2019            15,000

Sales revenue                                    240,500

Rent revenue                                        14,400

Totals                           $548,900   $548,900

Statement of Financial Performance (Income Statement)

For the year ended September 30, 2020

Sales revenue                       $240,500

Cost of goods sold                  123,500

Gross profit                             $117,000

Rent revenue                             14,400

Total income                          $131,400

Expenses:

Depreciation Expense               7,800

Insurance Expense                   18,000

Supplies Expense                     14,400

Interest Expense                      12,000

Salaries and Wages Expense 21,900

Total Expenses                      $74,100

Net Income                           $57,300

Statement of Retained Earnings:

Retained earnings, Oct. 1, 2019  $15,000

Net income                                    57,300

Dividends                                       (4,800)

Retained earnings, Sept. 30,    $67,500

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True or False: The cost per exposure of most online advertising channels is difficult to account for.

Answers

Answer:

True, I just think this is a true thing due to exposure and costs of ads. And how many businesses go outta business.

"The cost per exposure of most online advertising channels is difficult to account for" is a correct statement. Thus, the statement is true.

What is advertising channels?

An advertising channel is any avenue through which a corporation advertises its products and services or informs the public about a campaign. With the introduction of internet technologies to supplement conventional media advertising, the number of channels accessible to marketers has increased dramatically.

Most online advertising channels have a tough cost per exposure to account for since paper ads do not reach individuals who stay at home, but online ads are everywhere on the internet, so if the individual have a cellphone, they will see it. It is also less expensive because on paper more supplies are required, however online you simply need to understand how to program.

Therefore, it can be concluded that the above statement is true.

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The recording, summarizing, and reporting of the economic activities and events of an organization is known as _____.

Answers

The answer is accounting!

Hope this helps!
Brainliest is much appreciated!

One autumn day, a woman and man appear at Carrie Franklin’s door. They introduce themselves as chimney sweeps who would like to clean her chimney before she begins to use her fireplace. The man says it will be inexpensive and make her home safer, reducing the chances of a chimney fire. Carrie sees the name “Chim Chim Chimney Sweeps” on their truck. What can Carrie do to protect herself from scam?

Answers

The things which Carrie Franklin can do to protect herself from possible scam include:

Calling the telephone operator to verify if the Chimney Sweeps actually exist. Next thing would be to enquire if the office sent anybody to her home.Next thing would be to ask for their ID cards.

Based on the given question, we can see that Carrie Franklin received some visitors who claimed to be chimney sweepers from a company and she would have to pay them for cleaning her chimney.

It is important that she verifies that they are a legitimate company then look them up in the telephone listing and if she has any additional suspicions she can call the police just to be safe.

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The scope of disaster recovery is ______________ than that of generalized Business Continuity; generalized Business Continuity spans the entire organization, but disaster recovery is said to be ______________. Select one: a. Wider / mission-critical b. Narrower / IT-centric c. Wider / technically prejudiced d. Narrower / peripherally vulnerable

Answers

Based on business management, the scope of disaster recovery is Narrower than that of generalized Business Continuity; generalized Business Continuity spans the entire organization, but disaster recovery is "IT-centric."

What is the Scope of Disaster Recovery?

Scope of Disaster Recovery is a process or related activities that involve the actions performed to recover and protect a company's IT infrastructure when there is a disaster.

The scope of Disaster Recovery is limited to IT-related issues concerning business firms.

Hence, in this case, it is concluded that the correct answer is option B. "Narrower / IT-centric."

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Audra owns a rental house. She makes mortgage payments of $1,060 per month, which include insurance, and pays $2,700 per year in property taxes and maintenance. Utilities are paid by the renter. What should Audra charge for monthly rent to make $4,500 profit each year?

Answers

Answer:

A $740 cable bill for them to be able to watch shows and have internet.

Explanation:

Discussion Topic
Think of an unanticipated major expense that you might face in the next five years.
Discuss how you will ensure that it does not devastate you financially.

Answers

Answer:

An unanticipated major expense that might happen in the next five years would be my car breaks down. I can ensure this inconvenience does not devastate me financially by starting a savings account. Starting a savings account can and will help me in times of need. I can't access the money unless if I really need it.  

Explanation:

the Answer:

Examples are groceries, the electric bill, fuel bills, taxes and insurance to mention a few. Unexpected expenses are those expenses you did not see coming. An example would be going for the inspection of your car and not passing because there is something that must be repaired.

Explanation:

Choose the action that is supported by egoism, but might seem unethical. a.) Using skills you learned from your former job to get promoted at your new job. b.) Hiring a company to clean your neighbor's lot without their permission so your property value will increase. c.) Lending a friend a copy of a library book while he is in the hospital. d.) Introducing your neighbor to your favorite exercise regimen when he wants to lose weight.

Answers

The action which is supported by egoism, but might seem unethical from the list of available choices is:

b.) Hiring a company to clean your neighbor's lot without their permission so your property value will increase

Egoism has to do with the specific self interest which a person has on himself and does things which serves his benefit.

Ethics on the other hand is doing the right thing, at the right time, in the right circumstance.

With this in mind, the action which is supported by egoism but MIGHT SEEM unethical is hiring a company to clean your neighbor's lot without their permission so your property value will increase

Therefore, the correct answer is option B

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What might cause a demand curve to shift to the right?

A. A decrease in the product's own price
B. An increase in the price of a complement
C. A decrease in the price of a substitute
D. An increase in the price of a substitute

Answers

Answer:

D. An increase in the price of a substitute

Explanation:

Law of Demand

The law of demand states that as the price of a product of good rises, the quantity demanded for that good or product falls; conversely, if the price of a product or good falls, then the quantity demanded for that good rises.

Given the inverse relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded for that good, then its graph will show a downward-sloping demand curve.  

A change in demand represents the leftward- or rightward-shift of the entire demand curve. This may be caused by the following factors:

Changes in the income of buyersChanges in consumers' preferences, A change in the price of related goods (substitutes and complements), Number of buyers within a market, and The buyers' expectation on the future prices of goods.  

Types of Related Goods:

Substitutes: two similar goods that fulfill about the same needs or wants of the buyers.

Examples of substitute goods:  Coca-Cola and Pepsi, butter and margarine.  

Complements: these are two goods that are consumed together. When the price of one good goes up, the demand for the complement good declines.

Examples of complements: Tennis racket and tennis ball, ink cartridge and printers.

Answer:Substitute goods:

If the price of one good rises, then the buyers will demand more of the substitute good with a lower price. This causes a rightward-shift on the demand curve of that substitute good.      

This description matches Option D:  an increase in the price of a substitute.

Thaddeus is eighty-two years old and lives by himself in his rent-stabilized apartment. He is on a fixed income and has no family. He purchased a set of premium cast-iron cooking pots after meeting Henry, a salesperson, at the supermarket. Thaddeus signed the contract in the coffee shop next door after the two men left the supermarket. The cooking pot set cost $2,400 and is payable in 24 equal monthly installments. The same set retails for $1,000 elsewhere. The next day, Thaddeus decides that he cannot afford the cooking pot set.
a. The circumstances surrounding the transaction would be considered by the court, including the bargaining power of the parties.
b. The doctrine of unconscionability would probably allow Thaddeus to be released from his obligation.
c. The contract unreasonably favors Henry.
d. All of the above.

Answers

D all the above trust

The doctrine of unconscionability would probably allow Thaddeus to be released from his obligation. Option (b) is correct.

What do you mean by Transaction?

An executed contract between a buyer and a seller to trade goods, services, or financial assets in exchange for money is known as a transaction. The phrase is also frequently used in business accounting.

The exploitation component—where the stronger party takes use of the weaker party's weakness with real or constructive awareness of that weakness—is the foundation of the notion of unconscionability.

Exculpatory clauses and disclaimers / restrictions of warranty responsibility are two common categories of possibly unconscionable clauses. Exculpatory clauses absolve a party from responsibility for harms that they inflict.

Therefore, Option (b) is correct.  The doctrine of unconscionability would probably allow Thaddeus to be released from his obligation.

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Sunland Inc., a real estate developing company, was accounting for its long-term contracts using the completed contract method prior to 2021. In 2021, it changed to the percentage-of-completion method. The company decided to use the same for income tax purposes. The tax rate enacted is 40%. Income before taxes under both the methods for the past three years appears below.
2019 2020 2021
Completed contract $480000 $318000 $156000
Percentage-of-completion 780000 399000 300000
Which of the following will be included in the journal entry made by Sunland to record the income effect?
a. A debit to Retained Earnings for $239400.
b. A credit to Retained Earnings for $228600.
c. A credit to Retained Earnings for $158400.
d. A debit to Retained Earnings for $158400.

Answers

From the computation done, there'll be a debit to retained earnings for 239400.

The retained earnings will be:

= percentage of completion (1 - Tax rate)

Based on the values we've, this will be:

Retained Earnings = 399000 (1 - 40%)

Retained Earnings = = 399000 × 0.6

Retained Earnings = 239400

Therefore, there'll be a debit to retained earnings for 239400.

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PLEASE HELP

Assuming all other factors are the same, which statement about the cost of
loans is correct?
A. A loan with simple interest will cost more than a loan with
compound interest.
B. A loan with simple interest and a loan with compound interest will
cost the same.
C. Interest compounded daily will cost more than interest
compounded monthly.
D. Interest compounded annually will cost more than interest
compounded quarterly.
SUBMIT

Answers

Answer:

=> C. Interest compounded daily will cost more than interest compounded monthly.

The proper answer is Daily interest compounding is more expensive than monthly interest compounding. So, the best choice is (C).

What is interest?

In the fields of finance and economics, interest is the payment made at a set rate by a borrower or deposit-taking financial institution to a lender or depositor in excess of the principal amount (the amount borrowed).

It is not the same as a fee that the borrower might pay to the lender or another entity. It also differs from a dividend, which is money given to shareholders (owners) by a company from its profit or reserve, but not at a set rate predetermined in advance, but rather on a pro rata basis as a share of the reward received by risk-taking businesspeople when revenue is earned that exceeds all costs.

Hence, option (C) is accurate.

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As a Paralegal, you have been asked to prepare a contract for your client based upon the following: Client: Tire Manufacturer, FT. Wayne, Indiana. The client is contracting to provide 15,000 tires per month to Car Assembly Plant in Louisville, Kentucky for the next 3 years. The price agreed upon is $30 per tire. The tires must be all-weather with a 60,000-mile warranty. It will be a destination contract. The car Assembly Plant is insistent that the tires be delivered in a manner so that there is always only a two-day supply stored at the Car Assembly Plant. The plant does not have enough room to store any additional tires. They would like there to be a penalty if the Tire Manufacturer brings too many. Your client is concerned about this provision as the number of cars manufactured each day varies. Car Assembly Plant is also concerned that the tire supply is never delayed because Car Assembly Plant has to pay the assembly workers if the assembly line stops because there are no tires. Car Assembly Plant wants Tire Manufacturer to pay for any downtime expenses due to lack of tires. Your Client would like there to be an Arbitration clause and that Indiana is the state to resolve issues. Additionally, there should be a Liquidation clause and a non-disclosure clause. Prepare a contract for your client. Attach the completed contract.

Answers

The question is about a contract between the Car assembly plant and tire manufacturer.

Supply Agreement is effective {date} between

Tire Manufacturer, FT. Wayne, Indiana.  {the supplier}

and Car Assembly Plant in Louisville, Kentucky. {the purchaser}

Whereas Tire Manufacturer will supply Car Assembly Plant with 15,000 tires per month at a fixed rate of USD 30/- per tire for the next 3 years. The tire will be all-weather and a warranty of 60,000 mile is agreed.

The supply of the tire will be delivered by the Tire Manufacturer according to the daily needs of Car Assembly, the number of tires to be delivered will be communicated five days earlier and the tires should arrive at Car Assembly with in three days, failure to do so will result in a penalty. If the number of tire delivered are more than the number of tires ordered will result in penalty.

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Which medium (or media) do you think would be appropriate for each of the following kinds of messages that an employee could receive from a boss: (a) a raise, (b) not receiving a promotion, (c) an error in a report prepared by the employee, (d) additional job responsibilities, and (e) the schedule for company holidays for the upcoming year

Answers

4 scores and seven years ago our founding fathers so on and so fourth the answer is b 69

Joseph (43) and Azalea (44) are married with no dependents. They will file separate returns for 2020. Joseph files his return first and claims total itemized deductions of $22,500. If Azalea chooses to claim the standard deduction on her return, what is the maximum amount she may claim

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Since Azalea chooses to claim the standard deduction on her return,then, the maximum amount she may claim is $0.

In filing, a married couples who are filling separate returns should claim the same deduction.

If one of them claimed an Itemized deduction, then, the other should claim the same for the expenses paid separately. If one of them claimed a itemized deduction then, the other would get a standard Deduction of Zero.

In conclusion, Since Azalea chooses to claim the standard deduction on her return,then, the maximum amount she may claim is $0.

Read more about standard deduction

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If disposable income increases, people will decide to ________ saving, the supply of loanable funds will ________ and the real interest rate will ________.

Answers

The answer would be decrease, decrease, rise. Hope this helps! <3

Help help help help business please

Answers

I think it's a sorry if you get the answer wrong

The airline business is a very capital intensive business, what do you think it consists of ?
please sort in order the top three are based or further researched information and describe.

Answers

Airline EconomicsBecause of all of the equipment and facilities involved in air transportation, it is easy to lose sight of the fact that this is, fundamentally, a service industry. Airlines perform a service for their customers - transporting them and their belongings (or their products, in the case of cargo customers) from one point to another for an agreed price. In that sense, the airline business is similar to other service businesses like banks, insurance companies or even barbershops. There is no physical product given in return for the money paid by the customer, nor inventory created and stored for sale at some later date.Chief Characteristics of the Airline Business (Service Industry) Capital IntensiveUnlike many service businesses, airlines need more than storefronts and telephones to get started. They need an enormous range of expensive equipment and facilities, from airplanes to flight simulators to maintenance hangars. As a result, the airline industry is a capital-intensive business, requiring large sums of money to operate effectively. Most equipment is financed through loans or the issuance of stock. Increasingly, airlines are also leasing equipment, including equipment they owned previously but sold to someone else and leased back. Whatever arrangements an airline chooses to pursue, its capital needs require consistent profitability.High Cash FlowBecause airlines own large fleets of expensive aircraft which depreciate in value over time, they typically generate a substantial positive cash flow (profits plus depreciation). Most airlines use their cash flow to repay debt or acquire new aircraft. When profits and cash flow decline, an airline's ability to repay debt and acquire new aircraft is jeopardized.Labor IntensiveAirlines also are labor intensive. Each major airline employs a virtual army of pilots, flight attendants, mechanics, baggage handlers, reservation agents, gate agents, security personnel, cooks, cleaners, managers, accountants, lawyers, etc. Computers have enabled airlines to automate many tasks, but there is no changing the fact that they are a service business, where customers require personal attention. More than one-third of the revenue generated each day by the airlines goes to pay its workforce. Labor costs per employee are among the highest of any industry.Break-Even Load FactorsEvery airline has what is called a break-even load factor. That is the percentage of the seats the airline has in service that it must sell at a given yield, or price level, to cover its costs. Since revenue and costs vary from one airline to another, so does the break-even load factor. Escalating costs push up the break-even load factor, while increasing prices for airline services have just the opposite effect, pushing it lower. Overall, the break-even load factor for the industry in recent years has been approximately 66 percent. Airlines typically operate very close to their break-even load factor. The sale of just one or two more seats on each flight can mean the difference between profit and loss for an airline.Seat ConfigurationsAdding seats to an aircraft increases its revenue-generating power, without adding proportionately to its costs. However, the total number of seats aboard an aircraft depend on the operator's marketing strategy. If low prices are what an airline's customers favor, it will seek to maximize the number of seats to keep prices as low as possible. On the other hand, a carrier with a strong following in the business community may opt for a large business-class section, with fewer, larger seats, because it knows that its business customers are willing to pay premium prices for the added comfort and workspace. The key for most airlines is to strike the right balance to satisfy its mix of customers and thereby maintain profitability.
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