Heritability in the narrow sense -h²- refers to the proportion of the phenotypic variability that is influenced by genetic factors. In the exposed example, the narrow-sense heritability of this trait is h² = 0.689 ≅ 0.7
-----------------------------
Before answering the question, let us first review a few concepts.
The selection differential, SD, is calculated by getting the difference between the mean value of the desired trait in the population (X₀) and the mean value of the same trait expressed by parents, (Xs). So,SD = Xs - X₀
Heritability in the narrow sense -h²- is the measure of the genetic component to which additive genetic variance contributes.It referes to the proportion of the phenotypic variability that is influenced by genetic factors.
The heritability might be used to determine how the population will respond to the selection done, R.
h² = R/SD
The response to selection (R) refers to the metric value gained from the cross between the selected parents. R can be calculated by multiplying the heritability h² with the selection differential, SD.R = h²SD
R also equals the difference between the new generation phenotypic value (X₁) and the original population phenotypic value (X₀),
R = X₁ - X₀
Now that we know these concepts and how to calculate them, we can solve the proposed problem.
Available data:
Population average body fat ⇒ 10.5% ⇒ X₀ Selected parents average body weight ⇒ 20.8% ⇒ XsOffspring average body weight ⇒ 17.6% ⇒ X₁We ned to get the narrow-sense heritability of this trait, h².
h² = R/SD
R = X₁ - X₀ = 17.6% - 10.5% = 7.1%SD = Xs - X₀ = 20.8% - 10.5% = 10.3%
h² = R/SD = 7.1% / 10.3% = 0.689 ≅ 0.7
The narrow-sense heritability of this trait is h² = 0.689 ≅ 0.7
-------------------------------------
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What is the fundamental branch of Science from which Neuroscience stems, Biology, Mathematics, or Physics?
Answer:
Mathematics is the branch of science, which deals with numbers, involves calculations and mainly focuses on the study of quantity, shapes, measurements etc.
Explain what is probably going wrong in the following scenario.
Situation: Using a range of different fertilization techniques and products, a gardener has been working to improve fertility on a stretch of lawn that had very poor, sandy soil. The gardener has added a range of soil amendments, including additions of clay, compost, peat moss, and NPK fertilizers. For a period of time the gardener seemed to succeed, and he increased his treatments. Recently, though, discolored vegetation that seems almost drought-stricken has been appearing in the grass. The gardener is now wondering what has gone wrong.
Over using of fertilizers .......Not giving time to soil to maintain its natural fertility......No leguminous crops as well...... Chemical methods of increasing production.....
The Changing Forms of Carbon
In this activity, you will describe and apply what you just learned about the carbon cycle. You will examine the
picture below and then write two paragraphs that describe the process and changing forms of carbon.
Global Carbon Cycle
Wo.com
Atmosphere
Tour
750
Soil Respiration
Docomposition Photosynthesis
58
120
Burning
Plant
Fossil
Respiration
Fuels
59
Deforestation
and Land Use
Change
1.1
Ocean
Loss
Ocean
Uploke
90
7.7
92
IL
Plants
560
Litterfall
59
Rivers
0,8
Soils
Fossil Fuels
5,000 -10,000
1,500
Earth's Crust
100,000,000
Surface Ocean 725
Intermediate and
Deep Ocean 37,275 Pg
0.01
Borial to Sediments
Carbon is found in different forms on the Earth. It is found as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, as carbonate and bicarbonate salts in various minerals, as well as it occurs in the elemental form of diamonds and graphite. All biotic factors are based on carbon-containing molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids and vitamins. Carbon is incorporated into life-forms through photosynthesis which is performed in the presence of sunlight by all life-forms that contain chlorophyll. Photosynthesis converts CO2 from the atmosphere or dissolved in water into glucose molecules. These molecules are either converted into other substances or used to provide energy for the synthesis of other biologically important molecules.
The use of glucose to provide energy to living things involved the process of respiration in which oxygen may or may not be used to convert glucose back into CO2. This CO2 goes back into the atmosphere again. The process of combustion also adds to the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This percentage is said to have increased when human beings started cutting down trees, burning fossil fuels, etc. on a very large scale. Thus, carbon is cycled repeatedly through different forms by the various physical and biological activities and this cycle is therefore called carbon cycle.
Hope you could get an idea from here.
Doubt clarification - use comment section.
Carbon cycle is a biogeochemical cycle in which the carbon atom continously moves in the atmosphere through different forms and processes.
What is Carbon cycle?The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle which describes the process through which carbon atoms continually travel from the atmosphere to back to the Earth and then back into the atmosphere. This cycle goes on repeatedly. Since our planet and its atmosphere forms a closed environment, the amount of carbon in this system does not change, it only transforms from one form to another.
The processes which takes place in carbon cycle include photosynthesis, decomposition, respiration, and combustion. Carbon cycles from the atmosphere into the plants and living things. For example, carbon is a pollutant in the atmosphere which is present as carbon dioxide gas.
Carbon moves from the plants and animals to soil. When the plants and animals die, their bodies, wood, and leaves decays which being carbon into the ground. Some of this carbon is buried and become fossil fuels in millions of years. Carbon moves from living things to the atmosphere through respiration in which they inhale oxygen gas and exhale carbon dioxide gas.
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what organisms undergo cellular respiration
Answer:
Cellular respiration takes place in the cells of fungi, animals, and plants.
Explanation:
Notice how these things are all living things. Cellular respiration is the process of turning glucose into ATP. This ATP is used for cellular functions and also to break down more glucose for more ATP. It is kind of like a circular process.
Hope this helps! Have a great day!
PLEASE HELP WITH THIS ONE QUESTION
What systems supply food and oxygen needed for respiration?
A) excretory, digestive, and respiratory
B) excretory, respiratory, and cardiovascular
C) digestive, respiratory, and cardiovascular
D) digestive, excretory, and cardiovascular
True or False. There are only two broad categories called kingdoms.
Living things are divided into five kingdoms: animal, plant, fungi, protist and monera. Living things are divided into five kingdoms: animal, plant, fungi, protist and monera.
All changes saved
1. Using the image below, describe in at least 2 paragraphs, what is happening with the arrows. Name and explain the processes and the changing forms
of Carbon. To conclude, predict what the numbers might represent.
Global Carbon Cycle
Sol Respiration
Welconces
Atmosphere
750
58
11200
Mont
Respiration
Burning
Fossil
Fuels
Deforestation
fond Lond Vio
Change
1.1
Ocean
Loss
59
190
Ocean
Uploke
7.7
192
Plants
560
-
Literfall
59
Soils
Rivers
Fossil Fuels
1,500
02
5,000 -10,000
Earth's Crust
100,000,000
0.01
Boriolo Sediments
Surface Ocean 725
Intermediate and
Deep Ocean 37,275 Po
Legend
U-10-15
.
.
SAVE & EXIT
SUBMIT ALL ANSWERS
Answer:
Carbon is the backbone of life on Earth. We are made of carbon, we eat carbon, and our civilizations—our economies, our homes, our means of transport—are built on carbon. We need carbon, but that need is also entwined with one of the most serious problems facing us today: global climate change.
Photograph of a forest.
Photograph of a coal fire.
Carbon is both the foundation of all life on Earth, and the source of the majority of energy consumed by human civilization. [Photographs ©2007 MorBCN (top) and ©2009 sarahluv (lower).]
Forged in the heart of aging stars, carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the Universe. Most of Earth’s carbon—about 65,500 billion metric tons—is stored in rocks. The rest is in the ocean, atmosphere, plants, soil, and fossil fuels.
Carbon flows between each reservoir in an exchange called the carbon cycle, which has slow and fast components. Any change in the cycle that shifts carbon out of one reservoir puts more carbon in the other reservoirs. Changes that put carbon gases into the atmosphere result in warmer temperatures on Earth.
Draft diagram of the carbon cycle.
This diagram of the fast carbon cycle shows the movement of carbon between land, atmosphere, and oceans. Yellow numbers are natural fluxes, and red are human contributions in gigatons of carbon per year. White numbers indicate stored carbon. (Diagram adapted from U.S. DOE, Biological and Environmental Research Information System.)
Over the long term, the carbon cycle seems to maintain a balance that prevents all of Earth’s carbon from entering the atmosphere (as is the case on Venus) or from being stored entirely in rocks. This balance helps keep Earth’s temperature relatively stable, like a thermostat.
This thermostat works over a few hundred thousand years, as part of the slow carbon cycle. This means that for shorter time periods—tens to a hundred thousand years—the temperature of Earth can vary. And, in fact, Earth swings between ice ages and warmer interglacial periods on these time scales. Parts of the carbon cycle may even amplify these short-term temperature changes.
Graph of oxygen isotope ratios in the deep ocean for the past 67 million years.
The global carbon cycle model describes the evolution of carbon mass in the mantle (Cm), the combined reservoir of ocean and atmosphere (Co+a), the continental crust (Cc), the ocean crust and floor (Cf), the kerogen (Cker), and the biosphere (Cbio).
What are the steps of carbon cycle?Carbon on the dynamic planet can move from one of these realms to another as part of the carbon cycle.
Carbon is transferred from the atmosphere to plants.Carbon is transferred from plants to animals.Carbon is transferred from plants and animals to soils.Carbon is transferred from living things to the atmosphere.When fossil fuels are burned, carbon is released into the atmosphere.Carbon is transferred from the atmosphere to the oceans.Thus, above-mentioned are the steps involved in a carbon cycle.
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If a nucleus has eight chromosomes following replication, how many chromatids does it have?
Answer:
It has 16 chromatids
Explanation:
Since each chromosome has 2 chromatids
Which types of plant cells does glucose originate
Answer:
Chloroplast
Explanation:
Green plants manufacture glucose through photosynthesis. In a plant cell, chloroplast makes sugar during the process of photosynthesis converting light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.
what is an example of something that keeps our genes heathy ?
Answer:
I guess I would say water
Name one observation in a urine culture that would result in a rejection of the specimen and
culture.
Answer:
What are 3 things that can be tested in a urinalysis to look for abnormalities?
Things the dipstick test can check for include:
Acidity, or pH. If the acid is abnormal, you could have kidney stones, a urinary tract infection (UTI), or another condition.
Protein. This can be a sign your kidneys aren't working right. ...
Glucose. ...
White blood cells. ...
Nitrites. ...
Bilirubin. ...
Blood in your urine.
Explanation:
what determines which individuals will survive and which will not? help me please I hate biology so much
Explanation:
pretty sure the answer is, "adaptation."
only the creatures that can adapt 2 changing environments are the ones who survive...
Natural selection, adaptations, genetic variation, and population evolution are all related in terms of changes in phenotypes over
time. Evaluate which statement appropriately describes the relationship between the concepts of natural selection, adaptations,
genetic variation, and population evolution and select the best choice.
A)
8)
Genetic variation exists in a population. Some of the genetic variation
results in different phenotypes. The phenotypes that enhance survival are
called adaptations. Individuals with well-adapted phenotypes are more
Likely to survive and reproduce, leading to population evolution over
generations.
Adaptations exist in certain individuals in a population. The increase in
adaptations causes an increase in genetic variation. The adaptations that
enhance survival lead to larger populations, which further increases
genetic variation. Individuals with well-adapted phenotypes are more
Likely to survive and reproduce, leading to population evolution over
generations.
Genetic variation is high in a population, but random events cause it to
decrease. Populations with fewer individuals and lower genetic diversity
are able to undergo natural selection when selective pressures are high.
The increase in selective pressure causes an increase in adaptations that
are better suited for survival This results in an evolutionary change of a
population
Selective pressures exist in nature and cause changes in a population.
Populations with high selective pressures have higher rates of genetic
change, leading to an increase in genetic variation, Increased genetic
variation leads to some individuals having well-suited adaptations. The
presence of these new adaptations is evidence that the population has
changed, or undergone evolution
o
D)
Answer:
A is the answer
Explanation:
I'm just guessing
Genetic variation exists in a population. Some of the genetic variation results in different phenotypes. The phenotypes that enhance survival are called adaptations. So, the correct option is A.
What is Genetic variation?Genetic variation among members of the same species is called genetic variation. This variation may be due to variations in gene expression, DNA sequence and epigenetic changes. Mutation, genetic recombination, and genetic drift are causes of genetic variation, which can be altered by environmental variables including exposure to chemicals or climate changes.
Genetic diversity is important because it gives natural selection a starting point to work from, helping organisms to adapt and change over time. There is genetic diversity within a population. Different phenotypes are the result of some genetic variation. Adaptations are traits that improve survival.
Therefore, the correct option is A.
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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:
Natural selection, adaptations, genetic variation, and population evolution are all related in terms of changes in phenotypes over time. Evaluate which statement appropriately describes the relationship between the concepts of natural selection, adaptations, genetic variation, and population evolution and select the best choice.
1. Genetic variation exists in a population. Some of the genetic variation results in different phenotypes. The phenotypes that enhance survival are called adaptations. Individuals with well-adapted phenotypes are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to population evolution over generations.
2. Adaptations exist in certain individuals in a population. The increase in adaptations causes an increase in genetic variation. The adaptations that enhance survival lead to larger populations, which further increases genetic variation. Individuals with well-adapted phenotypes are more Likely to survive and reproduce, leading to population evolution over generations.
3. Genetic variation is high in a population, but random events cause it to decrease. Populations with fewer individuals and lower genetic diversity are able to undergo natural selection when selective pressures are high. The increase in selective pressure causes an increase in adaptations that are better suited for survival This results in an evolutionary change of a population.
4. Selective pressures exist in nature and cause changes in a population. Populations with high selective pressures have higher rates of genetic change, leading to an increase in genetic variation, Increased genetic variation leads to some individuals having well-suited adaptations. The presence of these new adaptations is evidence that the population haschanged, or undergone evolution.
True / False
HIV is unique because it copies the information for reproduction from RNA back into DNA.
Explanation:
True. it is a virus and that's how viruses reproduce.
HIV is a virus which is unique because it copies the information for reproduction from RNA back into DNA, the statement is true.
What is virus ?A virus is a nonliving thing which is a connecting link between living and nonliving organism, depend on living host cell for their survival.
virus contain a chain of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) which use different parts of the cellular machinery to reproduce, and releases the replicated nucleic acid chains
A virus has a protein coat or protein envelope allows the virus to survive between hosts act as a protective covering, do not have cells and lack a cell wall .
The protein coating is called as the capsid, genetic element present and is characterized by the evolution of the virus and the host.
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Zach Corp. pays commissions to its sales staff at the rate of 3% of net sales. Sales staff are not paid salaries but are given monthly advances of $15,000. Advances are charged to commission expense, and reconciliations against commissions are prepared quarterly. Net sales for the year ended March 31 were $15,000,000. The unadjusted balance in the commissions expense account on March 31 was $400,000. March advances were paid on April 3. In its income statement for the year ended March 31, what amount should Zach report as commission expense?
Based on the information given the amount that Zach should report as commission expense is $450,000.
Using this formula
Commission expense=Percentage of net sales× Net sales
Where:
Percentage of net sales=3%
Net sales=$15,000,000
Let plug in the formula
Commission expense=3%×$15,000,000
Commission expense=$450,000
Inconclusion the amount that Zach should report as commission expense is $450,000.
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A mother has blood type A and her son has blood type O. Which blood types are possible for the father?
MacArthur and Wilson found as distance from New Guinea __________ the number of bird species on Pacific Islands __________.
Answer:
MacArthur and Wilson found as distance from New Guinea increses the number of bird species on Pacific Islands decreases.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS, PLEASE HELP!!! asap
100 POINTS!!
Answer:
you may need to fact check me
Explanation:
For more info you can check out the calvin cycle and Photosystem I & II Khan academy has great videos on this
Question 2 Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(01.02 LC)
Which type of force results when an object touches another object?
O Contact force
O Gravitational force
O Non-contact force
O Magnetic force
PLS HURRY!!
Answer:
contact forces is answer
plz help 50 points
the question is in the screenshot
Answer:
4/16
4/16
4/16
4/16
Explanation:
Late, i know sorry the other guy is 100% wrong this is correct hope it helps someone or anyone
Which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis in chloroplasts is/are true?
A.
Chlorophyll (and other pigments) absorb light energy, which excites electrons.
B.
ATP is generated by photophosphorylation.
C.
The splitting of water molecules provides a source of electrons.
D.
None of these statements are true.
You may select zero, one, or many answers.
Submit response
Answer:
a, b, and c are true
Think about the ecosystem that you live in.
Write a response below describing it in complete sentences.
Use each of these terms correctly in your description:
community
population
ecosystem
individual
biotic
abiotic
The ecosystem is a habitat in which different types of biotic and abiotic organisms coexist.
How is the ecosystem made up?The ecosystem in which we live is coexisting with different types of population. Biotic and abiotic organisms coexist, interdependent organisms that share the same habitat. Through different processes such as predation, symbiosis, parasitism, they will disintegrate and reform to give themselves the energy and nutrient cycle.
The relationship that occurs between the community and its environment will be a flow of matter and energy in the ecosystem. There will also be different types of ecosystems such as marine, terrestrial, microbial and artificial. In all of these there will be food chains between the different species.
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Where can cells that are able to differentiate be found?
Answer:
it can be found in higher plants and embryonic stem cells in animals
In translation What are are the three letters called in mRNA and what are they connected to ??
Answer:
During translation, the ribosome reads 3 letters at a time on the mRNA strand called a codon. The anticodons, which are connected to the amino acid, match up with the letters on the mRNA strand
Explanation:
GIVING BRAINLY!!
In which kingdom are rose bushes classified?
A. Fungi
B. Plantae
C. Bacteria
O D. Protista
Answer:
plantae............✨✨✨
Answer: the answer is B
Explanation: trust me took the test yesterday
Asexual reproduction takes place through fragmentation in: a) Potatoes
b) ferns
c) yeas
t d) spirogyra
[tex]▪▪▪▪▪▪▪▪▪▪▪▪▪ {\huge\mathfrak{Answer}}▪▪▪▪▪▪▪▪▪▪▪▪▪▪[/tex]
The Correct choice is ~
[tex] \sf d. \: spirogyra[/tex]significance of soil air
Answer:
The soil air is responsible for influencing the availability of many nutrients. Soil air is also by many of the microorganisms that release plant nutrients to the soil. The soil air can fill soil pores as water drains or is removed from a soil pore by evaporation or root absorption.
Explanation:
Use the story below to fill in the questions.
A) Origin and development
B) Earth
C) Life
D) Early technologies
Answer:
letter A
Explanation:
because the story about the creation of the Maya Narration is discuss about the past world earth who there was no light,no electricity,no cellphone,no have technologies and it's silence after so many people have come and birth in the world,so many changes have done,we have now connection in our society in social and in reality,that ultimately is producing true,and enduring.
when did large mouth bass arrive in nebraska
Explanation:
around 1880 and 1883
i think
7. A stem cutting of a rose plant was planted in a pot. Weeks later, the cutting grew roots and began to grow into a new rose plant. Which process led to the formation of the new rose plant? A. Asexual Reproduction B. Germination C. Pollination D. Sexual Reproduction
