Answer:
Energy is delivered to the body through the foods we eat and liquids we drink. Foods contain a lot of stored chemical energy; when you eat, your body breaks down these foods into smaller components and absorbs them to use as fuel. Energy comes from the three main nutrients carbohydrates, protein, and fats, with carbohydrates being the most important energy source. In cases where carbohydrates have been depleted, the body can utilise protein and fats for energy. Your metabolism is the chemical reactions in the body’s cells that change this food into energy.
Most of the energy the body needs is for being at rest, known as the Basal Metabolism. This is the minimum amount of energy the body requires to maintain its vital functions such as breathing, circulation and organ functions. The rate at which energy is utilised for such functions is known as the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and varies based on genetics, sex, age, height and weight. Your BMR drops as you get older because muscle mass decreases.
Optimal energy metabolism requires getting sufficient nutrients from our foods, otherwise our energy metabolism underperforms and we feel tired and sluggish. All foods give you energy and some foods in particular help increase your energy levels, such as bananas (excellent source of carbohydrates, potassium and vitamin B6), fatty fish like salmon or tuna (good source of protein, fatty acids and B vitamins), brown rice (source of fibre, vitamins and minerals), and eggs (source of protein). There are actually many foods that provide an abundant amount of energy, particularly those packed with carbohydrates for available energy, fibre or protein for a slow release of energy and essential vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.
Foods are metabolised at a cellular level to make ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
by a process known as cellular respiration. It is this chemical ATP that the cell uses for energy for many cellular processes including muscle contraction and cell division. This process requires oxygen and is called aerobic respiration.
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy (as ATP)
Initially, large food macromolecules are broken down by enzymes into simple subunits in the process known as digestion. Proteins are broken down into amino acids, polysaccharides into sugars, and fats into fatty acids and glycerol—through the action of specific enzymes. Following this process, the smaller subunit molecules then have to enter the cells of the body. They firstly enter the cytosol (the aqueous part of the cytoplasm of a cell) where the cellular respiration process begins.
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Explanation:
a) What are the bases of mRNA coded for by this section of DNA, before the mutation? (1 point)
b) What are the bases of mRNA coded for by this section of DNA, after the mutation? (1 point)
c) What amino acid is coded for by this sequence before the mutation? (1 point)
d) What amino acid is coded for by this sequence after the mutation? (1 point)
e) Is this is a silent mutation or a missense mutation? Explain. (1 point)
Complete question:
A gene has a base sequence of GTC. Due to a mutation, the base sequence changes to GTG. Answer the following questions:
a) What are the bases of mRNA coded for by this section of DNA, before the mutation? (1 point)
b) What are the bases of mRNA coded for by this section of DNA, after the mutation? (1 point)
c) What amino acid is coded for by this sequence before the mutation? (1 point)
d) What amino acid is coded for by this sequence after the mutation? (1 point)
e) Is this is a silent mutation or a missense mutation? Explain. (1 point)
Answer:
a) mRNA before mutation ⇒ CAG
b) mRNA after mutation ⇒ CAC
c) amino acid before mutation ⇒ Glu, Glutamine
d) amino acid after mutation ⇒ His, Histidine
e) missense mutation
Explanation:
Theoretical frame
Transcription:Transcription occurs in the nucleus where the template DNI strand is read in direction 3´→ 5´ to build the mRNA molecule in direction 5´→ 3´.
When the DNI molecule separates into two strands to form the transcription bubble, we can identify two separate segments: coding strand and template strand.
The coding strand goes in direction 5´ to 3´, while the complementary strand -template strand- grows in direction 3´ to 5´.
The template strand is the mRNA complement.
The coding strand is the same as the mRNA that results from the transcription of the same DNI segment -switching bases T for U-.
The coding strand receives that name because it is the sequence that codes for each amino acid composing the proteins.
Translation:Translation occurs in the cytoplasm. rRNA and tRNA read mRNA in the direction 5´→ 3´ to build the protein.
Genetic information for the aminoacids assembly during the protein synthesis is stored in short sequences of three nucleotides named codons in the mRNA. Each of the codons represents one of the 20 amino acids used to build the protein. There are 64 codons in total, from which 61 codify for amino acids. Because there are 20 amino acids, many codons code for the same amino acid. One of these amino acids is also the start point of protein synthesis. And the left three codons are stopping translation points.
The codons indicating the initiation or stop points during the translation process are:
• The start codon AUG is the most common sequence used by eukaryotic cells
• The end codons are UAA, UAG, UGA.
When a change occurs in a single base pair, it is known as a point mutation. Points mutations might be either silent, missense, or nonsense. In silent mutations, the resulting mRNA codon codes for the same amino acid as the unmutated sequence. However, if the mutation causes the mRNA codon to code for a different amino acid, this mutation is a missense mutation. Finally, if the mutation causes mRNA codon to be a stop codon, we are referring to a nonsense mutation.
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In the exposed example,
Before mutation
Original DNI base sequence ⇒ GTC ⇒ Guanine, Timine, CytokineTranscripted mRNA sequence ⇒ CAG ⇒ Cytokine, Adenine, GuanineAmino acid ⇒ Gln ⇒ GlutamineAfter mutation
Mutated DNI base sequence ⇒ GTG ⇒ Guanine, Timine, GuanineTranscripted mRNA sequence ⇒ CAC ⇒ Cytokine, Adenine, CytokineAmino acid ⇒ His ⇒ HistidineThis is a point mutation, in which the change occurs in a single base pair. The mutation made the mRNA codon code for a different amino acid, meaning that this is a missense mutation.
Before mutation, the mRNA codon is CAG and codes for Glutamine.After mutation, the mRNA codon is CAC and codes for Histidine.urgent please answer
Sometimes the most practical way to do an experiment is not to perform it in an animal, but to look at cell responses in culture. Cells from mice, humans, and other mammals have been used to establish cell culture lines that have been very important for research. You are studying a novel water-soluble mouse hormone. You know cell culture can be a practical model to reveal protein function, so you apply the hormone to yeast cells, but nothing happens. What is a likely explanation for why nothing happened in your experiment
Answer:
Yeast cells likely do not have receptors that bind to this specific water-soluble mouse hormone
Explanation:
Receptors are molecules capable of binding specific signaling molecules (i.e., ligands). For example, steroid receptors can only bind to specific steroid hormones (e.g. estrogen, progesterone). Plasma membrane receptors are protein receptors that bind to water-soluble ligands. These receptors are embedded in the cell plasma membrane and usually contain several transmembrane domains. Examples of cell membrane receptors include G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), enzyme-linked protein receptors and ion channel receptors.
Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following statements:
I. Shortening of the chromosomes
II. Synthesis of DNA
III. Crossing over of non-sister chromatids
IV. Separation of sister chromatids
1. Which events occur during mitosis?
A) I and II only
B) I and III only
C) I and IV only
D) I, II, and IV only
2. Which events occur during meiosis I?
A) I and II only
B) I and III only
C) I and IV only
D) I, III, and IV only
A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. Most eukaryotic chromosomes include packaging proteins called histones which, aided by chaperone proteins, bind to and condense the DNA molecule to maintain its integrity. These chromosomes display a complex three-dimensional structure, which plays a significant role in transcriptional regulation.
Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only during the metaphase of cell division (where all chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell in their condensed form). Before this happens, each chromosome is duplicated (S phase), and both copies are joined by a centromere, resulting either in an X-shaped structure (pictured above), if the centromere is located equatorially, or a two-arm structure, if the centromere is located distally. The joined copies are now called sister chromatids. During metaphase, the X-shaped structure is called a metaphase chromosome, which is highly condensed and thus easiest to distinguish and study. In animal cells, chromosomes reach their highest compaction level in anaphase during chromosome segregation.
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Hemophilia is a sex-linked genetic disorder that inhibits the blood’s ability to clot properly. Is the gene that causes hemophilia recessive or dominant?
Answer:
The gene that causes haemophilia is recessive.
Answer:
It’s recessive. The mother who is a carrier is heterozygous, but she does not have the disease. The only offspring who have the disease are the boys who inherited one mutated gene.
Explanation:
edmentum
what is the function of the fold and villi
Answer:
The inner wall of the small intestine is covered by numerous folds of mucous membrane called plicae circulares. The surface of these folds contains tiny projections called villi and microvilli, which further increase the total area for absorption.
I hope this will help you if not then sorry, have a wonderful day :)Provide the botanical name for each of the following:
i.) Water grass
ii.) Morning grass
iii.) Soft weed
Answer:
i.) Watergrass: Luziola Juss.
ii.) Morning grass: Miscanthus Sinensis
iii.) Soft weed: Talinum Triagulare
Answer:
water grass–luziola
morning Grass–miscanthus sinensis
soft weed–chromolaena odorata
Whiteflies are common pest insects found on cotton, tomato, poinsettia, and many other plants. Nymphs are translucent and mostly sessile, feeding on their host plant's phloem (sap) from the undersides of leaves. They undergo incomplete metamorphosis into winged adults. Because whitefly nymphs cannot escape predation by moving, you hypothesize that their translucent bodies make them hard to spot by predators. How could you directly test this hypothesis?
Answer: Comparing the rates of predation on whitefly nymphs coated with a nontoxic dye versus the undyed whitefly nymphs.
Explanation:
A hypothesis refers to an assumption, which is proposed for the sake of an argument which is tested to ascertain if it's true.
The hypothesis can be tested by comparing the rates of predation on whitefly nymphs coated with a nontoxic dye versus the undyed whitefly nymphs.
Which of the following statements about proto-oncogenes is false? - Proto-oncogenes are normal genes with the potential to become oncogenes. A mutation must occur in a cell's DNA for a proto-oncogene to become an oncogene. Many proto-oncogenes code for growth factors. If a proto-oncogene's gene product is produced in smaller quantities, a cell may become cancerous.
Answer:
If a proto-oncogene's gene product is produced in smaller quantities, a cell may become cancerous.
Explanation:
The transformation of a cell to a malign cell occurs by mutations accumulation in some specific genes. These genes are grouped into two groups or families:
ProtooncogenesTumor suppressor genesProtooncogenes direct the production of proteins of varying locations and functions that play a significant role in cell proliferation and differentiation. The proteins include cyclins, growth factors, receptors, etcetera. These genes are proteins codifiers and influence the cell cycle by favoring proliferation or inhibiting senescence and apoptosis.
Depending on the organism´s development stage, these genes can be physiologically active or reprimed.
Certain structural or functional changes in protooncogenes contribute to turning them into oncogenes. When protooncogenes mutate into oncogenes, they are capable of controlling cell multiplication and massively synthesize uncontrolled division triggers.
Biome Description Biome Name
This biome is characterized by long, cold winters. Plants living in this biome are adapted to the short summer growing season. Decomposition in this biome is slow, because of these low temperatures, high soil acidity, and a deep layer of needles from evergreen trees. ________________
In this biome, very little plant litter builds up on the ground because of the hordes of decomposers living here. Under these uniformly warm and humid conditions, the nutrients that are released by decomposers allow for quick uptake by producers, resulting in lush vegetation. ___________________
Although the average annual precipitation in this biome is quite high, rain falls only during certain times of the year. Grasses and widely scattered clumps of trees are the predominant vegetation, and they are well adapted to surviving alternating cycles of dry heat and heavy rains. _________________
Drought-resistant perennial grasses are the dominant vegetation in this biome, as there is sparse annual precipitation. Periodic natural fires, grazing, and drought typically eliminate most seedlings (which adds to the rich organic composition of the soil). Today, much of this land is devoted to farming, with annual crops such as corn and wheat replacing the natural perennial grasses. __________
The characterization of each biome is as follows:
Biomes that are characterized by long, cold winters and are adapted to the short summer growing season: Temperate deciduous forests. Biome that has uniformly warm and humid conditions, the nutrients that are released by decomposers allow for quick uptake by producers: tropical forests. Biome that has the annual precipitation is quite high rain falls only during certain times of the year. Grasses and widely scattered clumps of trees are the predominant vegetation: Savannah.Biome that has a drought-resistant perennial and much of this land is devoted to farming, with annual crops such as corn and wheat replacing the natural perennial grasses: Temperate grasslands. What is Biome?A biome may be defined as a very large ecosystem that is running in nature in an unmanaged way. In a more simple sense, a biome is characterized as a very large area that is significantly characterized by a particular type of vegetation. Some examples of biomes are tropical rainforests, coral reefs, grasslands, etc.
Temperate deciduous forests have an average rainfall of 75 to 200 cm/year and a temperature of 12 degrees Celcius. Tropical rainforests feel higher rainfall and temperature ranging from 25 to 29 degrees Celcius.
Therefore, the characterization of each rainfall is well described above.
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In humans, one function of an inter neuron is to relay impulse directly from …
Answer:
D
Explanation:
the interneuron is located in the central nervous system between the sensory neuron and the motor neuron, therefore it relays impulses from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron
I hope this helps
DNA Polymerase is responsible for:
This is not a question. This is the answer to PLATO students.
Be careful with this question.
Thank you :) This helped :)
50 POINTS!!! The forces of nature are all around us working to shape the surface of our planet. Your task is to search the globe for three examples of land formations shaped by surface events. You will create a presentation to demonstrate your knowledge on this topic. You may choose to create a travel brochure, a vacation scrapbook, or a presentation using software.
Be sure to include the following for each land formation you choose:
a picture (you may hand draw, take photos in nature, or use stock images)
a complete explan
Answer:
Four major landforms are
A) Mountains B) hills C) plains D) plateaus
Explanation:
I hope this helps you out a little!
An ecosystem experiences a loss of denitrifying prokaryotes. Will this loss affect the health of the ecosystem?
yes it will, it will ruin the food chain
Describe the role chemical signals play a role in both the nervous system and the endocrine system
The behavior of allosteric enzymes a. does not play any role in feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways b. is strongly dependent on the presence of metal ions c. is related to their ability to hydrolyze themselves d. depends on changes in their quaternary structure on binding of substrates or inhibitors
Answer:
The correct answer is d
Explanation:
Allosteric enzymes have multiple binding sites to different ligands called allosteric sites (different from the active site), these ligands can modify their kinetic properties. They are generally made up of more than one polypeptide chain, and have a quaternary structure, an enzyme with a quaternary structure can bind more than one substrate molecule. An allosteric enzyme is an enzyme whose activity is regulated by an allosteric center, which is a site, other than the active center of the enzyme, to which a regulator (called an allosteric regulator) binds in a reversible and non-covalent manner. The binding of this regulator modifies the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme and affects the configuration of the active site, thus increasing or decreasing its activity, depending on the case. The allosteric sites present in regulatory enzymes is where allosteric effectors or inhibitors are attached, causing a conformational change in the substrate binding site or catalytic site, thus regulating enzyme activity.
Answer:
d. depends on changes in their quaternary structure on binding of substrates or inhibitors
Explanation:
Allosteric enzymes are oligomeric proteins composed of subunits or polypeptidic chains. They have a quaternary structure -many subunits and active sites- and express two states, R and T. Both states establish an equilibrium, with or without a joint ligand.
When the transition from one state to the other occurs, symmetry is conserved, but the affinity of a site to a ligand is altered. When a substrate joins one of the sites, it affects other binding sites.
Allosteric enzymes can change their conformation, exhibiting active and inactive conformations as a result of substrate binding at the activated center and regulatory molecules at other binding sites -allosteric centers-.
Can you guys help me please ?
Answer:
a
Explanation:
define cerebral action
a) What is the earth's path around the sun called? b) How long does it take for Earth to complete a complete circuit around the Sun? c) Name one planet that is closer to the Sun than Earth and another one that is further away. .
Oceans currents are in constant motion. What are some of the effects of these currents?
Answer:
The ocean currents carry cold water from the polar regions to equatorial regions
The wind blowing over warm currents are moisture laden and thus cause rainfall in the coastal areas.
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what is life and pls explain ?
Life is defined as any system capable of performing functions such as eating, metabolizing, excreting, breathing, moving, growing, reproducing, and responding to external stimuli. Any living thing is life.
Answer:
Life is a characteristic that distinguishes physical entries that have biological processes,such as signaling and self-sustining processes from those that do not, either because such functions have ceased,or because they never had such functions are classified as in animate.
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Which statement is FALSE?Question 39 options: Water can hold an unlimited amount of oxygen. Water can hold less oxygen than air can. Underwater organisms need oxygen. A small decrease in dissolved oxygen can have an effect on aquatic life. Underwater organisms use oxygen in cellular respiration.
Answer: Water can hold an unlimited amount of oxygen.
Explanation:
Water cannot hold an unlimited amount of oxygen because it would get to a point where it is saturated as it needs to hold Hydrogen as well. Air on the other hand, has significantly more space for oxygen as it contains only 21% and can keep taking more.
Underwater organisms need oxygen for respiration and a small decrease in the oxygen available in water affects aquatic life because they rely on it to survive.
what is symbiosis _____
Answer:
Symbiosis, any of several living arrangements between members of two different species, including mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. ... Any association between two species populations that live together is symbiotic, whether the species benefit, harm, or have no effect on one another.
Explanation:
Please Mark me brainliest
Answer:
Mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic symbiosis is any form of an intimate and long-term biological connection between two separate biological species. Each symbiont, or group of organisms, must be of a distinct species.
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How many hydrogen atoms are there in the molecule H2S04?
O A. 1
B. 3
C. 4.
O D. 2
Answer:
two hydrogen atom
Explanation:
Sulfuric Acid, H2SO4 is a chemical compound made up of two hydrogen atom, one sulfer atom, and four oxygen atoms.
An experimental herbicide kills plants by blocking the ATP synthase in thylakoids. This is most likely to: Group of answer choices Decrease the pumping of NADPH across the thylakoid membrane Increase the pH of the chloroplast stroma Decrease of flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I Decrease the concentration of ATP in the thylakoid space
Answer:
Decrease the pumping of NADPH across the thylakoid membrane
Decrease of flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I
Explanation:
Thylakoids are defined as a membrane-bound compartments located inside the chloroplasts and the cyanobacteria. Here, light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occurs.
To block the photosynthesis process, the herbicides pushes the dichlorophenyl dimethylurea to block the electron flow through the photosynthesis II and it reduces the flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I. It also decreases pumping of the NADPH across the thylakoid membrane.
identify three ethical, legal, or social issues raised by biotechnology.
Answer:
Ethical issues that arise from modern biotechnologies include the availability and use of privileged information, potential for ecological harm, access to new drugs and treatments, and the idea of interfering with nature. Applications include agriculture and health care.
Explanation:
pls mark brainliest
Explanation:
the availability and use of privileged information potential for ecological harm access to new drugs and treatment and the idea of interfering with nature .
Which statement about water pollution is TRUE?Question 80 options: Air pollution can cause water pollution. There is a short list of substances that cause water pollution. Water pollution comes only from chemicals introduced into a body of water. Only surface water is at risk of becoming polluted. The origin of water pollution is always easy to identify and treat.
Answer:
Option A. Air pollution can cause water pollution.
Explanation:
Substances can permeate into the water from the air.
Water gets polluted by many causes, but a major cause is the air, and chemicals introduced can cause water pollution, hence option a and c is correct.
What is water pollution?Water pollution is described as the contamination of water sources by chemicals that render the water unsafe for drinking, cooking, cleaning, swimming, and other uses.
Chemicals, garbage, germs, and parasites all are types of pollutants. All types of pollutants eventually end up in the water. It has the possibility of contaminating drinking water, contributing to waterborne diseases.
Water pollution has an impact on the ecosystem as well because it could induce eutrophication. This can harm fish and other aquatic organisms.
Therefore chemicals and air both pollute the water, then through into the water bodies, hence a and c is the correct option.
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Which phase happens first in meiosis
Which strand of mRNA would be made during transcription using the DNA strand shown below?
CTG ATA
A. GAC UAU
B. GAC TAT
C. GUC TUT
D. CTG ATA
Answer:
gac uau
Explanation:
